• Abbreviations & Acronyms
• Accessibility Statements
• Accesskeys
• Alt and Alt Attributes and Alt Text
• Assistive Technology
• Baseline
• Benefits
• Captcha
• Check Lists
• Cognitive Disabilities
• Color Accessibility
• Device Independence and and Graceful Degradation
• Definitions and Overviews
• Deprecated Features
• Flicker
• Forms:
  • (Default Place-Holding Characters,
  • Fieldset,
  • Labels,
  • Tab Index)
• Language
• Law, Lawsuits, Policies
• Mailto
• Multimedia:
  • (Captioning
  • Media Access Generator (MAGpie)
  • Streaming (live or real-time))
• Open Source
• Plugins, PDF, PowerPoint, etc.
• Relative Sizing
• Scripts
• Structure
• Style Sheets
• Tables
• Testing, Checking, Validating
• Text Only Versions
• Usability and Accessibility
• Zoom Layouts
• Articles & Related Links

Abbreviations & Acronyms

• 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations.
• 4.2 Specify the expansion of each abbreviation or acronym.
  • Example for Checkpoint 4.2
• 9.1. The abbr element XHTML 2.0 - The W3C has finally given up trying to distinguish between acronym and abbreviation. Acronym is out.
• abbr - W3C.
• Acronyms and Abbreviations - University of Minnesota Standard.
• Explaining abbreviations, acronyms and symbols on Web pages - Jukka Korpela.
• The Accessibility Hat Trick: Getting Abbreviations Right - Colin Lieberman.
• Why Use the Acronym and Abbr Tags? - Ian Lloyd.

Accessibility Statements

• Accessibility or Help Links? - Alastair Campbell.
• Accessibility Statements - Dennis E. Lembree.
• Boiler-Plate Accessibility Statement - Thierry Koblentz et al.
• Certification and Testing - Joe Clark
• Creating an Accessibility Statement - Mark Pilgrim.
• Don’t Provide an Accessibility Statement - Peter Krantz.
• Does Your Website Overstate Its Accessibility? - Out-Law News.
• Logo Claims about Website Accessibility belie Reality - Fraser Hamilton.
• The Surfer and The Accessibility Statement - Patrick Griffiths.
• Writing a Good Accessibility Statement - Gez Lemon.

Accesskeys

• 11.1 Keyboard access to forms - W3C.
• Access Keys, Limited Practical Value - Alastair Campbell.
• Accesskeys and Reserved Keystroke Combinations - John Foliot.
• Accesskeys: Where Are We Now? - Mel Pedley.
• Almost Getting it Right with Access Keys - Matt Bailey.
• Example for Checkpoint 9.5.
• Firefox 2.0 and Access Keys - Gez Lemon.
• I Do Not Use Accesskeys - Dave Shea.
  • I’m Still Off Accesskeys - Dave Shea.
• Initial Focus to a Text Field - Good or Bad? - Robert Nyman.
• Too Much Accessibility - accesskeys - Bim Egan.
• Using Accesskeys - Is it worth it? - John Foliot and Derek Featherstone. (Defining accesskeys seems to be a waste of time unless one is designing for a controlled environment such as an intranet.)
• User-Defined Access Keys - Gez Lemon.
• XHTML2 Draft Backtracks on Accesskeys - Mel Pedley.

Alt Attributes and Alt Text

• 1.1 Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element - W3C.
  • Example for Checkpoint 1.1a - a text equivalent for images and graphical buttons- W3C.
• 508 (a) - A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via “alt”, “longdesc”, or in element content).
• Accessible Alternatives - Andy (Malarkey) Clarke.
• Accessible Graphics: A Graph with a Description in a Separate, Linked File - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Graphics: alt Text for Decorative Images and Spacers - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Functional Graphics - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Link that contains both Graphics and Text - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Logo - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Graphics: Including a Graph and Its Description on the Same Page - University of Texas.
• Accessibility Footnotes - Andy (Malarkey) Clarke.
• Add alt attributes to spacer images - Jim Byrne.
• Alt and beyond: Making web graphics accessible - Tim Roberts.
• Alternative Content for Graphics - Jim Thatcher.
• Alt Text is an Alternative, Not a Tooltip - Roger Johansson.
• Appropriate Use of Alternative Text - Jared Smith.
• Associating a Graph and its Description with the longdesc Attribute - University of Texas.
• Creating Accessible Images - WebAIM.
• Demonstration of the LONGDESC attribute and the “d” link - John Foliot.
• Describing Document Text for Accessibility - Tim Roberts.
• Got Alt? - Eric Tribou.
• Graphic Testimony: It’s Possible to Provide Long descriptions for Dynamically Generated Graphs - Stan Berman.
• Guidelines on alt texts in img elements - Jukka Korpela.
• How do I add text equivalents for images? - Dreamweaver MX.
• How to Avoid Screen Reader ‘Noise Pollution’ - Trenton Moss.
• How To Make Non-text Elements Accessible - Some Notes - Jim Byrne.
• Internet Explorer 7 and Various Screen Readers and Screen Enlargers - Kelly Ford.
• Mini FAQ About The Alternate Text Of Images - Ian Hickson.
• Naughty or Nice? CSS Background Images - Derek Featherstone.
• Online Galleries
  • Dayton Art Institute
  • i-Map: The Every Day Transformed, - Tate Modern.
• Provide Access to Graphs for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Provide Access to Images for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Provide Text Equivalents For Graphics In HTML - Skills for Access.
• “Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content.” - WebAIM.
• Speaking ALT Text - Bob Easton.
• Text and links - Joe Clark.
• Text descriptions for images - Peter Rainger.
• Text Equivalents Overview - Jon Gunderson.
• The Alt and Accessibility - Mike Cherim.
• The Alt and Title Attributes - Roger Johansson.
• The ALT attribute in HTML - Stephen Poley.
• The image problem - Joe Clark.
• Thinking About Accessibility - Equivalent Content - Mike Davies.
• Tooltips and alt texts for image maps - Jukka “Yucca” Korpela.
• Use of ALT texts in IMGs - A. J. Flavell.
• Writing Effective ALT Text For Images - Trenton Moss.
• Writing good ALT text - Simon Willison.

Assistive Technology

• Assistive Technology: Alternative Pointing Devices - Mel Pedley.
• Assistive Technology: Braille and Low Vision Aids - Mel Pedley.
• Assistive Technology Users Test TITLE Attribute Access - Steven Faulkner.
• Alternative Web Browsing - Peter Bosher and Judy Brewer.
• Eye Tracking

  • Eye-tracking - WebAIM.
  • Replace Your Mouse with Your Eye - Alfred Hermida.
• Beware the Kalends of November - Carroll Tech.
• Five Assistive Technologies for the Web - Leonie Watson.
• Head Wands

  • Head wand - WebAIM.
• How People with Disabilities Use the Web - W3C.
• Handheld for Blind and Low-vision Users - Matt Bailey.
• How Do Disabled People use Computers? - Joe Clark.
• HTML Compatibility Chart - Ian Lloyd.
• IBM Home Page Reader is Dead - Source: IBM Mailing List.
  • IBM Home Page Reader is Dead, Now what? - Sandra Clark.
• Increased Accessibility for Mobile Devices - Matt Bailey.
• Keyboard Access

  • Adaptive keyboard - WebAIM.
  • Assistive Technology: Keyboards And Other Input Alternatives - Mel Pedley.
  • Optimize for Keyboard Access (and other non-mouse input devices) - Skills For Access.
• Mouth Sticks

  • Mouth stick - WebAIM
• Screen Magnifiers

  • Doing Web Accessibility for Screen Magnifier Users - Trenton Moss.
• Screen Readers

  • Browsing Habits of Screen Reader Users - Peter Krantz.
  • display: none and Invisible Content
    • CSS in Action: Invisible Content Just for Screen Reader Users - WebAIM.
    • Screenreader Visibility - Bob Easton.
    • What do Screen Readers really say? - Bob Easton.
    • Quiz 2.4.1: On being heard but not seen - Bob Easton.
  • Giving OS X a Voice - Christopher Breen.
  • Guidelines for Accessible and Usable Web Sites: Observing Users Who Work With Screen Readers - Mary Frances Theofanos and Janice (Ginny) Redish.
  • Improving Usability for Screen Reader Users - Trenton Moss.
  • Influence of valid code on screen readers - Joe Clark.
  • JAWS Demo - Cheryl Kirkpatrick.
  • Quiz 1.1.5: A picture requires a thousand words - Bob Easton.
  • The Quagmire of Web Accessibility- Chris Hofstater.
  • Seven Screen Reader Usability Tips - Trenton Moss.
  • Screen readers By Joe Clark.
  • Screen Reader Simulation - WebAIM.
  • Screen Reader Software Support for the TITLE Attribute - Steven Faulkner.
  • Screen-Reader Usability Study - Joe Clark.
  • Screen Readers and CSS Layout - Bob Easton.
  • Screen Readers Suck! - Dave Child.
  • Surfing the Web with a Screen Reader - AccessIT.
  • The DOM And Screen Readers - Gez Lemon.
  • Three Things I Learned About Screen Reader Users - Joshua Kaufman.
  • Usability screening techniques: evaluating for a wider range of environments, circumstances and abilities - Shawn Lawton Henry.
  • What do Screen Readers really say? - Bob Easton.
• Single-Switch Access

  • Single-Switch Access - WebAIM.
• Sip and Puff Switch

  • Sip and puff switch - WebAIM.
• Video: Keeping Web Accessibility in Mind - WebAIM.
• Voiceover
  • Apple Offers Universal Access with Leopard.
  • Guide to Voiceover Basics - Blind Techs Wiki.
  • Not What the Doctor Ordered: A Review of Apple’s VoiceOver Screen Reader - Jay Leventhal.
• What Is Assistive Technology? - Public Broadcasting System.

Baseline

• The Question of Baseline - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Working Group.
• This is Accessible? - Gez Lemon.
• Questions and Proposed Approaches for Baseline Specifics - Gregg Vanderheiden.
• WCAG 2.0 Baseline Concept - Gez Lemon.
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 - comments on the ‘Baseline Technology Assumption‘ - Tina Holmboe.

Benefits (Why accessibility?)

• 10 Reasons Clients Don’t Care About Accessibility - Christian Heilmann.
• 100,000 Reasons to Design for Accessibility - Bruce Lawson.
• Accessible Business Online - Alexandra Graham.
• Accessibility…Who Does It REALLY Help? - Darrel Austin.
• Accessibility and Search - Matt Bailey.
• Accessibility is Optimization - Matt Bailey.
• Auxiliary Benefits of Accessible Web Design - W3C.
• Benefits and Challenges of Web Accessibility - Pat Byrne.
• Benefits of an Accessible Website - part 1: Increase in Reach - Trenton Moss.
  • Benefits of an Accessible Website - part 2: The Business Case - Trenton Moss.
• Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization - W3C.
• Don’t Disable Your Site for Handicapped Users - Matt Bailey.
• Don’t Use the Statistics Defense as a Reason to Exclude People From Your Content - Jim Byrne.
• High Accessibility Is Effective Search Engine Optimization - Andy Hagans.
• How Do You Get Your Client to Pay For Accessibility? - Gez Lemon.
• How To Sell Accessibility - Trenton Moss.
• New Research Study Shows 57 Percent of Adult Computer Users Can Benefit From Accessible Technology - Microsoft.
• Presenting the Case for Web Accessibility - W3C Draft.
• Selfish Reasons for Accessible Web Authoring - Kynn Bartlett.
• Selling Accessibility to Programmers - Joe Clark.
• The Financial Benefits of Web Accessibility - Mel Pedley.
• The Secret Benefit of Accessibility: Increased Usability - Trenton Moss.
  • The Secret Benefits of Accessibility Part 2: Better Search Ranking - Trenton Moss.
• The Need for Accessibility - Dan Johnson.
• Universal Design and Web Accessibility: Unexpected Beneficiaries - Terry Thompson.
• Usability and Accessibility Market Worth £115m in 2005 - E-consultancy.com.
• Why Accessibility? - Robert Nyman.
• Why Accessibility is Important to You - John S. Britsios.
• Web Accessibility and Search Engine Optimisation - Carmen Mardiros.
• Why Accessibility? Motivating Learners To Bring About Change - WebAIM.
• Why bother? - Joe Clark.
• Why Design Accessible Web Sites? - Nicole Sullivan.

Captcha (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart).

• Accessibility of CAPTCHA - Gez Lemon.
• AOL Gets It Right, Sort Of. - Matt Bailey.
• CAPTCHA is Dead - Matt May.
• CAPTCHA: The FAQs - Glenda Watson Hyatt.
• CAPTCHA Usability: Humane Alternative to CAPTCHA - Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
• Captcha Usability Revisited: Google Inaccessible to Blind People - Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
• Circus of CAPTCHA’s - Matt Bailey.
• Codes on Sites ‘Captcha’ Anger of Web Users - David Kesmodel.
• Developing a Customized Business Case, Making Anti-Robot Tests: Accessible, Sharing Accessibility with Newbies - Shawn Lawton Henry.
• Escape From CAPTCHA - Matt May.
• Google’s Doors Still Shut to Blind - Susan Kuchinskas.
• Google Petition Concerning CAPTCHA - Matt Bailey.
• Google Releases Audio CAPTCHA - Matt Bailey.
• Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA - W3C.
  • CAPTCHA Paper Updated - Matt May.
• Inaccessibility of Visually-Oriented Anti-Robot Tests Problems and Alternatives - Matt May.
• I’m visually impaired and I can’t see the word verification image. - Google.
• Is Google Shutting Out The Blind? - Susan Kuchinskas.
• Proposal for an Accessible Captcha Test - Peter Krantz.
• Visual Verification: Potential New Audio CAPTCHA Solution - Darrell Shandrow, Blind Access Journal.
• W3C Formally Dislikes the CAPTCHA - Matt Bailey.
• What’s Wrong With this Picture? - Ian Lloyd.

Checklists

• Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 1 of 3: Coding) - Jack Pickard.
  • Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 2 of 3: Content) - Jack Pickard.
  • Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 3 of 3: Function) - Jack Pickard.
• Accessibility Quick Tips - webdevtips.com.
• Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility.
• HTML Commandments - Dena Shumila.
• Section 508 Checklist - Jonathan Whiting.
• WAI Checklist of Checkpoints for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 .
• IBM Web Accessibility Checklist.

Cognitive Disabilities

• A Conceptual Framework for Accessibility Tools to Benefit Users with Cognitive Disabilities - Paul R. Bohman and Shane Anderson.
• A Dyslexic Perspective on e-Content Accessibility - Peter Rainger and EA Draffan.
• An Accessibility Frontier: Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties - Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley and Peter Firminger.
• Assistive Technology with Cognitive Disability Emphasis - Mark Dubin.
• Cognitive Disabilities and Online Education - Ben Buchanan.
• Cognitive Disabilities Part 1 - Paul R. Bohman.
• Cognitive Disabilities Part 2 - Cyndi Rowland.
• Cognitive load and the rule of seven (or how many is too many) - Nick Finck.
• Cognitive Disability - Alan Dix.
• Design for Accessibility: The Personal Information Point - J. Coy, S. Keates , P. J. Clarkson L. Harrison, P. Robinson.
• Designing for Dyslexics: Part 1 of 3 - Mel Pedley.
  • Designing for Dyslexics: Part 2 of 3 - Mel Pedley.
  • Designing for Dyslexics: Part 3 of 3 - Mel Pedley.
• Designing for Users With Cognitive Disabilities - Erica Kolatch.
• Designing Web Pages for Dyslexic Readers - John Bradford.
• Developing sites for users with Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties - Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley, and Peter Firminger.
• Dyslexia, Disability and Teaching Accessibility - Jack Pickard.
• Dyslexia List Launches with Major Research Programme into Accessibility Guidance - Ann Light.
• Easy Read and Other Advice About Writing for People with Learning Disabilities - Caroline Jarrett.
• Inclusion Of Cognitive Disabilities in the Web Accessibility Movement - Lisa Seeman.
• LD Web (Learning Disabilities Web) - ld-web.org.
• Lower-Literacy Users - Jakob Nielsen.
• More On Dyslexia - Mel Pedley.
• Start with the assumption that you cannot predict the access needs of your audience - Jim Byrne.
• Ten Guidelines for Improving Accessibility for People with Dyslexia - Vashti Zarach.
• The Effects of Lower-literacy on Mental Models to Support Website Navigation - Celeste Lyn Paul.
• Useful (Learning Disability) Guides to Accessibility - Mencap.
• Web Accessibility and Learning Difficulties - Tim Fidgeon.
• Web Design for Dyslexic Users - dyslexia.com.

Color: Accessibility

Definitions and Overviews

• Accessibility and Availability - Derek Featherstone.
• Accessibility for All vs. for People with Disabilities - Roger Johansson.
• Accessibility In Trouble 2: Standards - Mike Davies.
  • Accessibility In Trouble 3: Universality - Mike Davies.
  • Accessibility In Trouble 4: Dehumanisation - Mike Davies.
  • Accessibility In Trouble 5: Deterioration- Mike Davies.
  • Accessibility In Trouble 6: Misrepresentation - Mike Davies.
• Accessibility Only For Disabilities? - Tommy Olsson.
• Barrier-Free Web Design, a.k.a. Web Accessibility 2.0 - Roger Johansson and Tommy Olsson.
• Definitions of Web Accessibility - Mel Pedley.
• Et Tu, Joe? - Tommy Olsson.
• Future of Web Accessibility - Alastair Campbell.
• In Defense Of Accessibility - Jack Pickard.
• Lack of Access = Barrier to Access - Joe Dolson.
• Levels of Accessibility - Mike Cherim.
• On Accessibility - Catherine Roy.
• The Great Accessibility Camp-Out - Gez Lemon and Mike Cherim.
• Trying to Define Web Accessibility - Joe Dolson.
• Understanding Web Accessibility - Shawn Lawton Henry.
• Universality and Accessibility - Gez Lemon.
• What is Accessibility? - Robert Nyman.
• What Is Web Accessibility? - Trenton Moss.
• What is an accessible website? Attempting a definition. - Jim Byrne.
• What is an accessible website? - an answer in the form of a diagram. - Jim Byrne.
• What is media access? - Joe Clark.

Device Independence and Graceful Degradation

• Device independent definition. - W3C .
• Device Independence- W3C
• Device Independence Day - Matt Margolin.
• Device Independence Principles - W3C.
• Fluid Thinking - Peter-Paul Koch.
• Graceful Degradation - Daniel R. Tobias.
• Guideline 9. Design for device-independence - W3C.

Deprecated Features

• 11.2 Avoid deprecated features of W3C technologies - W3C.
• Beyond the FONT tag: Practical HTML text styling -Todd Fahrner.
• Index of Elements (See deprecated column).
• “The following HTML elements specify font information. Although they are not all deprecated, their use is discouraged in favor of style sheet” - 15.2.1 .
• The FONT tag is deprecated in current HTML standards, and should be avoided if at all possible. Use CSS for font sizes, and make sure they’re a relative size, not an absolute one. Then they’ll “adapt” whether the viewer is applying a custom stylesheet, or simply using the “increase font size” menu option.
• Guidelines for authoring - W3C . Including “FONT tag considered harmful!”

Flicker

• Flicker and Strobe - WebAIM.
• Animated images - Web Access Centre, Royal National Institute of the Blind.
• Avoid Specific Frequencies for Flickering Content - Skills for Access.
• Blinking Page Elements and Marquees - University of Minnesota Standard.
• Photosensitive Epilepsy - Gez Lemon.
• Screen Flicker - 508.
• Screen Refresh - University of Minnesota Standard.
• Web Content Accessibility Guideline 2.3 - W3C.

Forms

• 11 Forms - W3C.
• 508(n) - When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.
• Accessible and Usable Forms - Mike Foskett.
• Accessible Forms by Jim Thatcher.
• Accessible Forms - John Slatin.
• Accessible Forms- Roger Hudson.
• Accessible Forms - Patrick Griffiths.
• Accessible Forms: Radio Buttons with
  ,

  , and - University of Texas.

  • Accessible Forms: Buttons Using
    elements of type = “button” and elements - University of Texas.
  • Accessible Forms: Graphical buttons - University of Texas.

• Accessible HTML/XHTML Forms - Ian Lloyd.
• Accessible Matrix Forms - WebAIM Thread.
• Accessibility and the Label Tag - Adrian Senior.
• Accessibility issues of checkboxes and radio buttons -”Yucca” Korpela.
• Better Accessible Forms - Ian Lloyd.
• Building Accessible Web Forms - Alejandro Gervasio.
• Communicating Error Messages Accessibly - Peter Krantz.
• Creating Accessible Forms - WebAIM.
• Default Place-Holding Characters

  • 10.4 Until user agents handle empty controls correctly, include default, place-holding characters.
  • Braille Displays and Web Forms - David Poehlman.
  • Default Place-Holding Characters - Gez Lemon.
  • Place-holding characters in edit/text boxes - Patrick H. Lauke.
  • Re: WCAG 1.0 checkpoint 10.4 - David Poehlman.
  • Use Javascript to add default text to input fields - Jim Byrne.
• Fieldset

  • Fieldset - www.w3schools.com.
  • FIELDSET - Form Control Group.
  • Filedset/Legend in XHTML vs. HTML - Kevin C Smith.
• FORMS: Friends, Not Foes! - Meryl K. Evans.
• Form Help Without Popups - Gez Lemon.
• Forms: University of Minnesota Standards.
• Forms and Fields - Peter Rainger.
• Forms and interaction - Joe Clark.
• Forms By Dan Cederholm.
• Form Help Without Popups - Gez Lemon.
• Forms Refresher - James Craig.
• How to create accessible forms - Paul R. Bohman.
• How to use tables to structurize forms in HTML and about alternatives, like fieldset - Jukka “Yucca” Korpela.
• Labels

  • 10.2 ensure that the label is properly positioned - W3C.
    • Example for Checkpoint 10.2.
  • 11.3 Labeling form controls - WAI Coding Technique.
  • 12.4 Associate labels explicitly with their controls - W3C.
    • Example for Checkpoint 12.4.
  • Accessible Forms: Labeling Input Fields - University of Texas.
    • Accessible Forms: Labeling Pulldown Menus - University of Texas.
  • Associate form fields explicitly with their labels - Jim Byrne.
  • Form Labels - Ron Thigpen.
  • LABEL - Form Field Label.
  • Label Positioning - Gez Lemon.
  • The tag.
  • Quiz 5.2.13: Speaking Form Labels - Bob Easton.
    • Speaking Form Labels - Summary - Bob Easton.
• Make forms accessible - WAI Coding Technique.
• Making Accessible Forms, Part 1 - Trenton Moss.
• Making Accessible Forms, Part 2 - Trenton Moss.
• Optgroup
  • Accessible Forms: Grouping Related Items on a Form - University of Texas.
  • OPTGROUP - Option Group - htmlhelp.
  • The tag.
• Prettier Accessible Forms - Nick Rigby.
• Provide Access to Forms for Users who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Reset and Cancel Buttons - Jakob Nielsen.
• Simply Accessible - Derek Featherstone.
• Showing Good Form: Beyond the Basics of Accessible Web Forms - Catherine M. Brys and Wim Vanderbauwhede.
  • Accessible Web Forms: Beyond the Basics - Part 2 - Catherine M. Brys and Wim Vanderbauwhede.
• Standard Forms - Updated - Anthony Eggert.
• Tab Index

  • 9.4 Create a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects.
    • Example for Checkpoint 9.4.
  • Initial Focus to a Text Field - Good or Bad? By Robert Nyman.
  • Make forms easier to use by creating a logical tab order - Jim Byrne.
  • Staying Positive About Tabindex - Joe Clark.
  • Tabindex At Your Peril - Mel Pedley.
  • Too Much Accessibility - Tabindex - Bim Egan.
• Usable and Accessible Form Validation and Error Recovery - Jared Smith.
• Writing Accessible Forms - The University of Durham.

Language

• 2.2 Identifying the primary language - W3C .
• 4.3 Identify the primary natural language of a document.
  • Example for Checkpoint 4.3 - W3C.
• Defining Content Language - Karl Dawson.
• Indicating Language Choice: Flags, Text, Both, Neither? - Roger Johansson.
• Internationalization Primer - Jonathan Snook.
• Language codes - Joe Clark.
• Why use the language attribute?

Law, Lawsuits, Policies

• 504

  • ADA Q & A: Section 504 & Postsecondary Education - Deborah Leuchovius.
  • Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
  • Section 504 and IDEA: Basic Similarities and Differences - S. James Rosenfeld.
• 508

  • 1194.22 Web-based Intranet and Internet Information and Applications - The Access Board.
  • 508 Standards.
  • Advisory Committee Faces Major Hurdles with Section 508 Revision - Wade-Hahn Chan.
  • Cornerstones of a Successful 508 Program - Fred DiFiore.
  • Board Names Advisory Committee for 508 Standards Update - The Access Board.
  • Board to Create Advisory Committee for Refresh of 508 Standards - The Access Board.
  • Ruling doesn’t affect Section 508 Web requirements, board says - Dipka Bhambhani.
  • Section 508? That’s for the government or something - Jeffery Zeldman.
  • Section508.gov.
  • Section 508 Checklist - Jonathan Whiting.
  • Section 508 Technical Assistance page - access-board.gov.
  • Standards for Electronic and Information Technology: An Overview.
  • Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee.
  • Using Section 508 to Improve Internet Access to Information for Everybody - Thomas Vander Wal.
  • WAI to Advise on 508 Standards Update - W3C.
  • Web Accessibility for Section 508 - Jim Thatcher.
• Accessibility and the law - Joe Clark.
• Accessibility and the Law By Andy Budd.
• Accessibility: it’s not just a good idea, it’s the law - Mark Pilgrim.
• Accountability of Accessibility and Usability - Anitra Pavka.
• Capella University/WebCT (La Marca v. Capella University)

  • Capella University (La Marca vs. Capella University) - WebAIM Thread.
  • Lawsuit Charges Online University Does Not Accommodate Learning-Disabled Students - Dan Carnevale.
  • Web CT Criticisms - wikipedia.
• Crying Foul on Accessibility Claims - Ian Lloyd.
• Is Legally Mandated Accessibility a Benefit? - Joe Dolson.
• Is Your Site ADA -Compliant … or a Lawsuit-in-Waiting? - Cynthia D. Waddell and Kevin Lee Thomason.
• ICDRI Update On Global Accessible Web Policy And Law - Cynthia D. Waddell.
• Let the Buyer be Aware: The Importance of Procurement in Accessibility Policy - Cyndi Rowland.
• Letter to the MS Society on Accessibility - Bruce Lawson.
• Manifesto - Web Standards Project’s Accessibility Task Force.
• Martin v. MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority)

  • ADA Transit Case Seeks Accessible Web Remedy - Cynthia D. Waddell.
  • Judge Rules That Inaccessible Website Violates ADA.
• National Federation of the Blind v. America Online (AOL)

  • The National Federation of the Blind Sues AOL - Cynthia D. Waddell.
• Nearly 75 Percent of FTSE 100 Company Websites Fail to Meet Minimum Accessibility Requirements - Nomensa.
• Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 78

  • A Critique of P.A.S. 78 - Joe Clark.
  • Fisking PAS 78 - Joe Clark.
  • How to commission an accessible website - out-law.
  • New standards for website access - BBC.
  • PAS 78 Download - Developed by The British Standards Institution.
  • PAS 78: Guide to Good Practice in Commissioning Accessible Websites - Bruce Lawson.
  • PAS 78 Launch - Mike Davies.
  • Usability Exchange.
• Ramada.com and Priceline.com

  • Spitzer Agreement To Make Web Sites Accessible To The Blind And Visually Impaired - Press Release from the Office of the New York Attorney General.
  • Businesses Agree to Make Websites Accessible - Kassia Krozser.
• Should Web-only businesses be required to be disabled-accessible? - Anita Ramasastry.
• State and Federal E-Government in the United States, 2003 - Brown University.
• Southwest Airlines (Robert Gumson v. Southwest Airlines and Access Now v. Southwest Airlines)

  • ADA doesn’t extend to the Internet - Eric Bangeman.
  • No decision from the Appeals Court - Jim Thatcher.
  • Do Disability Laws Apply to the Web? - Patrick Thibodeau.
  • Judge: Disabilities Act doesn’t cover Web - Declan McCullagh.
  • Man Sues Airlines for Fare Access - Kendra Mayfield.
  • Ruling doesn’t affect Section 508 Web requirements, board says - Dipka Bhambhani.
  • Suit Over Airlines’ Web Sites Tests Bounds of ADA - Matthew Haggman.
• Sydney Olympics (Bruce Maguire v. Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games [SOCOG])

  • Bruce Lindsay Maguire v Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games.
  • Olympic Failure: A Case for Making the Web Accessible - Tom Worthington.
  • Olympics Site Discriminates Against the Blind - Adam Creed.
  • Reader’s guide to Sydney Olympics accessibility complaint - Joe Clark.
• Target (National Federation of the Blind v. Target)

  • Accessibility, Law and Target.com - Jim Thatcher.
  • Blind Cal Student Sues Target - Henry K. Lee.
  • Blind Customer Applauds Court Ruling on Target Web Site - John Croman.
  • Blind Patrons’ Lawsuit Against Target Proceeds - Josh Richman.
  • Blind Patrons Sue Target for Site Inaccessibility - Michelle Meyers.
  • Court Denies Target.com Plea for Dismissal - Matt Bailey.
  • Do the Rights of the Disabled Extend to the Blind on the Web? - Bob Tedeschi.
  • Expert Declaration of Dr. James W. Thatcher in NFB V. Target - James W. Thatcher.
  • National Federation of the Blind v. Target - Disability Rights Advocates.
    • Complaint (NFB V. Target)
    • Judge’s Order (NFB V. Target)
  • National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corporation - Wikipedia.
  • NFB vs. Target in Perspective - Matt May.
  • On Handicapped Access, Target Fights the Wrong Fight for the Wrong Reason - Evan Schuman.
  • Should Ignorance Be Our Real Target? - Ben Buchanan.
  • Taking Aim at Target(.com) - Derek Featherstone.
  • Target Accessibility Case Will Go Forward! - Joe Dolson.
  • Target Accessibility Lawsuit Falls on Deaf Ears - Kim Krause Berg.
  • Target Hit - But is it a Bullseye? - Ian Lloyd.
  • Target in the Sights of Accessibility Advocates - Karl Dawson.
  • Target Sued Over Web Accessibility - Out-law News.
  • Target Sued: Website Not Accessible to Blind - Overlawyered.
  • Target.com’s Accessibility Lawsuit - Karl Dawson.
  • Tarzhay - Joe Clark.
  • The webdev community’s response to the Target Lawsuit - Bruce Lawson.
  • Staying on Target - Derek Featherstone.
  • Web Accessibility Evaluation of Target Website - Jon Gunderson.
  • Websites For The Blind: Is This The Next ‘Year 2000 Compliant’ Requirement? - Linda Markus Daniels.
• Ticketmaster

  • Precedent - Joe Clark.
• UK Resources for Web Accessibility and the Law - Martin Sloan.
• University of California UC Davis and UC Berkeley Settlement

  • UC Settles Case on Hearing Disabilities - Amelia Heagerty.
• Web Accessibility and the Law: Recent Legal Developments and Advocacy Strategies - Lainey Feingold and Crista Earl.
• Web Accessibility and UK Law: Telling It Like It Is - Trenton Moss.
• Website Accessibility And The Private Sector: Disability Stakeholders Cannot Tolerate 2% Access! - Ronald E. Milliman.
• Web Accessibility Soon Mandatory in Europe? - Jo Best.
• When The Americans With Disabilities Act Goes Online: Application of the ADA to the Internet and the Worldwide Web - Position Paper National Council on Disability.

Lists

• List Tags - University of Minnesota Standard.
• Unordered Lists: More Than Just Bullets - Brian Huisman.

Mailto

• Mailto Links - University of Minnesota Standard.

Multimedia

• 1.3 “Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an auditory description of the important information of the visual track of a multimedia presentation.” - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
• 1.4 “For any time-based multimedia presentation (e.g., a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (e.g., captions or auditory descriptions of the visual track) with the presentation” - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
• 508 (b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation.
• Accessible Digital Media - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Accessible Streaming Content - Andrew Kirkpatrick.
• Accessible Multimedia - DoIT.
• Accessible Multimedia - John Slatin.
• Accessible Video In A Diverging Web Environment - David Klein and Kenneth “Fritz” Thompson.
• Adding Multimedia in Web Documents (part 2) - WaSP Asks the W3C.
• Allow User Control Over Animated Content - Skills For Access.
• Audio and Multimedia - Jim Thatcher.
• Audio Description

  • Audio Description International (ADI).
  • Provide Audio Descriptions for Video or Animated Content - General Advise - Skills For Access.
  • What is audio description? - National Center on Accessible Information Technology in Education.
• Deconstructing Multimedia: Break It Up for Accessibility - Andrew Kirkpatrick.
• How to Incorporate Stunning Multimedia Into Your Accessible Site - Joe Clark.
• Captioning

  • Best Practices in Online Captioning - Joe Clark.
  • Captions - Jared Smith.
  • Captions vs subtitles - Alastair Campbell.
  • Captioning FAQ - Media Access Group.
  • Captioning for Quicktime - Paul Bowman.
  • Captioning for RealPlayer - Paul Bowman.
  • Captioning for Windows Media - Paul Bowman.
  • Captioning Web Multimedia: An Overview Of Technologies, Resources, And Tools - Jared Smith.
  • Captioning with QuickTime SMIL - Patrick H. Lauke.
  • Finally, Caption Playback - Google.
  • Deaf Web Users Fear Being Left Behind - Andrew LaVallee.
  • Two tracks o’ text - Joe Clark.
  • Provide Text Equivalents for Audio - General Advice on Captions - Skills For Access.
  • Understanding captions and subtitles - Joe Clark.
  • Web accessibility for deaf people: Adding captions or providing transcripts isn’t always enough - Jim Byrne.
  • Web Captioning and Education - Jared Smith.
  • Web Captioning in Education WebCast - National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
  • Web Captioning Overview - WebAIM.
• Macromedia Breeze - National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
• Multimedia by Joe Clark.
• Multimedia: Enhancing Ability - Leonie Watson.
• Multimedia - University of Minnesota Web Accessibility Standards.
• Multimedia: Web Checkpoint 4 - IBM.
• Media Access Generator (MAGpie) .
  • Captioning with MAGpie 2 - Paul Bowman.
  • Creating Captions for Rich Media - National Center for Accessible Media.
  • Provide Text Equivalents For Audio In MAGpie - Skills for Access.
• The Open and Closed Project - Joe Clark.
• Podcasting and Accessibility - WebAIM list Thread.
• Provide Access to Multimedia Presentations for Users with Sensory Disabilities - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Provide Accessible Multimedia in Digital Talking Books (DTBs) - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Provide Accessible Multimedia in E-books - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
• Sign-Language Takes to the Web - Phil Muncaster.
• Standards Compliant method to add Quicktime movies to pages - Anne van Kesteren.
• Streaming (live or real-time)

  • A Promising Practice in Streaming Captioned Educational Video - Access it.
  • Accessibility of Live/Real-Time Web-Based Multimedia For the Deaf And Hard of Hearing - Jared Smith.
  • Captioning live streaming video - WebAIM Discussion.
  • Real-time captioning - Media Access Group.
• The Simpsons For The Visually Impaired - Kirk Biglione.
• Transcripts

  • Audio Transcription For Podcasts: JC Human vs. CastingWords.com - Robin Good.
  • Transcribing Podcasts - Jeremy Keith.
  • Provide Text Equivalents for Audio - General Advice on Transcripts - Skills For Access.
• Using Accessible Video and Audio to Enhance e-Learning for Disabled Students - Ross Little.
• What is Media Access? - Joe Clark.

Open Source

• Advocates For Disabled Wary of Open Source - Linda Tucci.
• Breaking the Web Wide Open! - Marc Canter.
• DeJa Vu All Over Again - Carroll Tech Blog.
• Massachusetts Grapples with Open Source’s Cost to the Disabled - Lisa Vaas.
• Massachusetts, Open Document, and Accessibility - Peter Korn.
• Minnesota Standards Bill Could Affect Microsoft Word, Adobe - W. David Gardner.
• OATS (Open Source Assistive Technology Software).
• ODF Subpar for the Disabled? Not so Fast says Google Researcher - David Berlind.
• OpenOffice.org and Accessibility Part 1: Writer - WebAIM.
• Thoughts on the ‘Joint Statement on OpenSource and OpenDocuments in Massachusetts’ - Peter Korn.
• Visually Impaired User Weighs In on Assistive Technology Debate - Scott Sede.
• Why Won’t Microsoft Join Existing Standards Efforts? - Peter Korn

Plugins, PDF, PowerPoint, etc.

• 2.3 Content Versus Navigation - Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
• Accessible PDF Documents For the Blind - Peter Abrahams.
• Accessible P.D.F. Files.
• Accessible PowerPoint on The Web: Tools That Can Help - Richard Banks, Elizabeth Coombs, and Norman Coombs.
• Accessibility Features in Adobe Reader 7 - Jon Whiting.
• Accessibility with PDF files - Philip Kragnes messgage to Peter Riemenschneider.
• Anatomy of a PDF: Why Making Them Compliant Has Been Challenging - Mark Gavin.
• Adobe Acrobat 7.0: First Look from Planet PDF.
• Adding Tags to PDF improves accessible - Jim Byrne.
• Are PDF documents really accessible to all - Paul R. Bohman.
• Are They Really Accessible PDFs? - Julian Rickards.
• Authoring for Accessibility with Adobe PDF Documents - Sean Keegan.
• Creating Accessible PDFs Using Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Professional - Greg Pisocky.
• Defining Acrobat PDF Accessibility - Paul R. Bohman.
• Downloads - University of Minnesota Standard.
• Duff Johnson offers strategic review of PDF accessibility - Duff Johnson.
• Facts and Opinions About PDF Accessibility - Joe Clark.
• Guide to Editors of Accessible PDFs (1.1 MB Zipped PDF format) - Julian Rickards.
• Guidelines to Authors of Accessible PDFs (1.4 MB Zipped PDF format) - Julian Rickards.
• Here We Go Again With Untagged PDFs - Joe Clark.
• How Adobe Reader Can Help: Improvements in Acrobat Reader 7.0 - Greg Pisocky.
• How to Create Accessible Adobe PDF Files.
• Is PDF accessible?
• Making and Generating Accessible PDF - Bruce Lawson.
• NCDAE Tips and Tools: Adobe Acrobat and PDF - National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
• No PDF Press Releases, Please! - Amy Gahran.
• PDF and Accessibility - Shirley Kaiser.
• PDF and Accessibility By Roger Hudson.
• PDF and Public Documents: A White Paper - Janina Sajka and Joe Roeder.
• PDF and WCAG 2.0 - Shawn Lawton Henry.
• PDF Files are a Curse - Tim Seifert.
• PDF files can comply with Section 508. Now it’s your move. - Duff Johnson.
• PDF is Overused - Joe Clark.
• PDF format is still not fully accessible - Dey Alexander.
• PDF Needs You for PDF/UA! - Duff Johnson.
• PDF Post to the WebAIM list - Wayne Dick.
• PDF Standards From ISO - Leonard Rosenthol.
• PDF tagging for the blind - electricnews.net.
• PDF Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 and 2.0. W3C .
• PDF: Unfit for Human Consumption - Jakob Nielsen.
• PDF vs. HTML - WebAIM Forum.
• PDFs Don’t Have to Be an Internet Blight - Don Fluckinger.
• Playing Tag: Creating Accessible PDF Files - Jonathan Whiting.
• How do I make my online PowerPoint presentation accessible? - Access it.
• How to Create Accessible Acrobat PDF files - Paul Bohman.
• How to Create Accessible PowerPoint Slides on the Web - Paul R. Bohman.
• Making applets and plug-ins accessible - University of Massachusetts Boston.
• PR: PDFAloud - Accessibility Breakthrough for Adobe Acrobat, PDFs - Planet PDF.
• RNIB Media Briefing on Accessible PDFs - Mike Davies.
• Short notes on the accessibility of PDF documents - Jim Byrne.
• Strategies for PDF Accessibility - Comparing ‘Tagged PDF‘ approach to ‘Accessibility for the Masses’ - Duff Johnson.
• Tags or Scripts for Accessible Forms? - Duff Johnson.
• Tips and Tools: Adobe Acrobat and PDF - Jonathan Whitiing.
• The Conundrum of PDF Accessibility - Annemarie Cooke.
• The Four Levels of PDF Accessibility - Alastair Campbell.
• What does Section 508 mean for your PDFs? - Duff Johnson.
• What is Tagged PDF? - Duff Johnson.
• When to Use PDF - F. Rainne.

Relative sizing

• 3.4: Use relative rather than absolute units - W3C
  • Example for Checkpoint 3.4.
  • Techniques for checkpoint 3.4.
• Accessible Layouts - Alastair Campbell.
• Relative Sizing and Images - John Foliot.

Scripts

• 508 Tutorial (l): Scripting.
• IBM Accessibility Center: Developer guidelines for Web Accessibility.
• Scripts: University of Minnesota Standard.
• Scripts and Applets by Peter Rainger.
• Scripts and Applets - Jim Thatcher.
• Testing Script Generated Pages - Cari Burstein.

Structure & Semantics

• 3.5 Use header elements to convey document structure - W3C
  • Example for Checkpoint 3.5.
• 1.2.1 Section headings.
• Categories of Semantics - Joe Clark.
• Design for machines first, people second! - Jim Byrne.
• General Mark-up - Peter Rainge.
• Guideline 3. Use markup and style sheets and do so properly.
• Headings and Lists - Are You Using Them Correctly? - Alastair Campbell.
• SimpleQuizzes - Dan Cederholm.
• Semantic Markup - James Craig.
• Semantic Structure - Paul R. Bohman.
• Separation: The Web Designer’s Dilemma - Michael Cohen.
• Use Structural Markup - Andrew B. King.
• The Structure of Accessible Pages - Joe Clark.
• Use
  

  for top-level heading - W3C .

• Use headings to structure your document - W3C .
• Using real headers - Mark Pilgrim.
• Using Structural Markup - The University of Durham.

Style Sheets (Accessibility)

• 6.1 Organize documents so they may be read without style sheets - W3C.
• Accessibility and Cascading Style Sheets - Kynn Bartlett.
• Accessibility and CSS2 - Amy Cowen.
• Accessibility Features of CSS.
• Cascading Style Sheets And Accessibility - Marco Bertoni.
• Creating Accessible CSS - WebAIM.
• CSS accessibility problems: is markup dead? - Jim Byrne.
• CSS and Accessibility - Richard Rutter.
• CSS does not guarantee accessibility - Mark Pilgrim.
• CSS Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0.
• CSS Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 - (Current Document)
  • CSS Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 - (30 June 2005).
• Example for Checkpoint 3.3 - W3C.
• Get more accessible with CSS - Shawn Morton.
• Misunderstanding Accessible Design - Joe Dolson.