- Abbreviations & Acronyms
- Accessibility Statements
- Accesskeys
- Alt and Alt Attributes and Alt Text
- Assistive Technology
- Baseline
- Benefits
- Captcha
- Check Lists
- Cognitive Disabilities
- Color Accessibility
- Device Independence and and Graceful Degradation
- Definitions and Overviews
- Deprecated Features
- Flicker
- Forms:
- Language
- Law, Lawsuits, Policies
- Mailto
- Multimedia:
- Open Source
- Plugins, PDF, PowerPoint, etc.
- Relative Sizing
- Scripts
- Structure
- Style Sheets
- Tables
- Testing, Checking, Validating
- Text Only Versions
- Usability and Accessibility
- Zoom Layouts
- Articles & Related Links
Abbreviations & Acronyms
- 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations.
- 4.2 Specify the expansion of each abbreviation or acronym.
- 9.1. The abbr element XHTML 2.0 – The W3C has finally given up trying to distinguish between acronym and abbreviation. Acronym is out.
- abbr - W3C.
- Acronyms and Abbreviations – University of Minnesota Standard.
- Explaining abbreviations, acronyms and symbols on Web pages – Jukka Korpela.
- The Accessibility Hat Trick: Getting Abbreviations Right – Colin Lieberman.
- Why Use the Acronym and Abbr Tags? – Ian Lloyd.
Accessibility Statements
- Accessibility or Help Links? – Alastair Campbell.
- Accessibility Statements – Dennis E. Lembree.
- Boiler-Plate Accessibility Statement – Thierry Koblentz et al.
- Certification and Testing – Joe Clark
- Creating an Accessibility Statement – Mark Pilgrim.
- Don’t Provide an Accessibility Statement – Peter Krantz.
- Does Your Website Overstate Its Accessibility? – Out-Law News.
- Logo Claims about Website Accessibility belie Reality – Fraser Hamilton.
- The Surfer and The Accessibility Statement – Patrick Griffiths.
- Writing a Good Accessibility Statement – Gez Lemon.
Accesskeys
- 11.1 Keyboard access to forms – W3C.
- Access Keys, Limited Practical Value – Alastair Campbell.
- Accesskeys and Reserved Keystroke Combinations – John Foliot.
- Accesskeys: Where Are We Now? – Mel Pedley.
- Almost Getting it Right with Access Keys – Matt Bailey.
- Example for Checkpoint 9.5.
- Firefox 2.0 and Access Keys – Gez Lemon.
- I Do Not Use Accesskeys – Dave Shea.
- I’m Still Off Accesskeys – Dave Shea.
- Initial Focus to a Text Field – Good or Bad? – Robert Nyman.
- Too Much Accessibility – accesskeys – Bim Egan.
- Using Accesskeys – Is it worth it? – John Foliot and Derek Featherstone. (Defining accesskeys seems to be a waste of time unless one is designing for a controlled environment such as an intranet.)
- User-Defined Access Keys – Gez Lemon.
- XHTML2 Draft Backtracks on Accesskeys – Mel Pedley.
Alt Attributes and Alt Text
- 1.1 Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element - W3C.
- Example for Checkpoint 1.1a – a text equivalent for images and graphical buttons- W3C.
- 508 (a) – A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via “alt”, “longdesc”, or in element content).
- Accessible Alternatives – Andy (Malarkey) Clarke.
- Accessible Graphics: A Graph with a Description in a Separate, Linked File – University of Texas.
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for Decorative Images and Spacers – University of Texas.
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Functional Graphics – University of Texas.
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Link that contains both Graphics and Text – University of Texas.
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Logo – University of Texas.
- Accessible Graphics: Including a Graph and Its Description on the Same Page – University of Texas.
- Accessibility Footnotes – Andy (Malarkey) Clarke.
- Add alt attributes to spacer images – Jim Byrne.
- Alt and beyond: Making web graphics accessible – Tim Roberts.
- Alternative Content for Graphics – Jim Thatcher.
- Alt Text is an Alternative, Not a Tooltip – Roger Johansson.
- Appropriate Use of Alternative Text – Jared Smith.
- Associating a Graph and its Description with the longdesc Attribute – University of Texas.
- Creating Accessible Images – WebAIM.
- Demonstration of the LONGDESC attribute and the “d” link – John Foliot.
- Describing Document Text for Accessibility – Tim Roberts.
- Got Alt? – Eric Tribou.
- Graphic Testimony: It’s Possible to Provide Long descriptions for Dynamically Generated Graphs – Stan Berman.
- Guidelines on alt texts in img elements – Jukka Korpela.
- How do I add text equivalents for images? – Dreamweaver MX.
- How to Avoid Screen Reader ‘Noise Pollution’ – Trenton Moss.
- How To Make Non-text Elements Accessible – Some Notes – Jim Byrne.
- Internet Explorer 7 and Various Screen Readers and Screen Enlargers – Kelly Ford.
- Mini FAQ About The Alternate Text Of Images – Ian Hickson.
- Naughty or Nice? CSS Background Images – Derek Featherstone.
- Online Galleries
- Dayton Art Institute
- i-Map: The Every Day Transformed, – Tate Modern.
- Provide Access to Graphs for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Provide Access to Images for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Provide Text Equivalents For Graphics In HTML – Skills for Access.
- “Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content.” – WebAIM.
- Speaking ALT Text – Bob Easton.
- Text and links – Joe Clark.
- Text descriptions for images – Peter Rainger.
- Text Equivalents Overview – Jon Gunderson.
- The Alt and Accessibility – Mike Cherim.
- The Alt and Title Attributes – Roger Johansson.
- The ALT attribute in HTML – Stephen Poley.
- The image problem – Joe Clark.
- Thinking About Accessibility – Equivalent Content – Mike Davies.
- Tooltips and alt texts for image maps – Jukka “Yucca” Korpela.
- Use of ALT texts in IMGs – A. J. Flavell.
- Writing Effective ALT Text For Images – Trenton Moss.
- Writing good ALT text – Simon Willison.
Assistive Technology
- Assistive Technology: Alternative Pointing Devices – Mel Pedley.
- Assistive Technology: Braille and Low Vision Aids – Mel Pedley.
- Assistive Technology Users Test TITLE Attribute Access – Steven Faulkner.
- Alternative Web Browsing – Peter Bosher and Judy Brewer.
- Eye Tracking
- Eye-tracking – WebAIM.
- Replace Your Mouse with Your Eye – Alfred Hermida.
- Beware the Kalends of November – Carroll Tech.
- Five Assistive Technologies for the Web – Leonie Watson.
- Head Wands
- Head wand – WebAIM.
- How People with Disabilities Use the Web – W3C.
- Handheld for Blind and Low-vision Users – Matt Bailey.
- How Do Disabled People use Computers? – Joe Clark.
- HTML Compatibility Chart – Ian Lloyd.
- IBM Home Page Reader is Dead – Source: IBM Mailing List.
- IBM Home Page Reader is Dead, Now what? – Sandra Clark.
- Increased Accessibility for Mobile Devices – Matt Bailey.
- Keyboard Access
- Adaptive keyboard – WebAIM.
- Assistive Technology: Keyboards And Other Input Alternatives – Mel Pedley.
- Optimize for Keyboard Access (and other non-mouse input devices) – Skills For Access.
- Mouth Sticks
- Mouth stick – WebAIM
- Screen Magnifiers
- Doing Web Accessibility for Screen Magnifier Users – Trenton Moss.
- Screen Readers
- Browsing Habits of Screen Reader Users – Peter Krantz.
- display: none and Invisible Content
- CSS in Action: Invisible Content Just for Screen Reader Users – WebAIM.
- Screenreader Visibility – Bob Easton.
- What do Screen Readers really say? – Bob Easton.
- Quiz 2.4.1: On being heard but not seen – Bob Easton.
- Giving OS X a Voice – Christopher Breen.
- Guidelines for Accessible and Usable Web Sites: Observing Users Who Work With Screen Readers – Mary Frances Theofanos and Janice (Ginny) Redish.
- Improving Usability for Screen Reader Users – Trenton Moss.
- Influence of valid code on screen readers – Joe Clark.
- JAWS Demo – Cheryl Kirkpatrick.
- Quiz 1.1.5: A picture requires a thousand words – Bob Easton.
- The Quagmire of Web Accessibility- Chris Hofstater.
- Seven Screen Reader Usability Tips – Trenton Moss.
- Screen readers By Joe Clark.
- Screen Reader Simulation – WebAIM.
- Screen Reader Software Support for the TITLE Attribute – Steven Faulkner.
- Screen-Reader Usability Study – Joe Clark.
- Screen Readers and CSS Layout – Bob Easton.
- Screen Readers Suck! – Dave Child.
- Surfing the Web with a Screen Reader – AccessIT.
- The DOM And Screen Readers – Gez Lemon.
- Three Things I Learned About Screen Reader Users – Joshua Kaufman.
- Usability screening techniques: evaluating for a wider range of environments, circumstances and abilities – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- What do Screen Readers really say? – Bob Easton.
- Single-Switch Access
- Single-Switch Access – WebAIM.
- Sip and Puff Switch
- Sip and puff switch - WebAIM.
- Video: Keeping Web Accessibility in Mind – WebAIM.
- Voiceover
- Apple Offers Universal Access with Leopard.
- Guide to Voiceover Basics – Blind Techs Wiki.
- Not What the Doctor Ordered: A Review of Apple’s VoiceOver Screen Reader – Jay Leventhal.
- What Is Assistive Technology? – Public Broadcasting System.
Baseline
- The Question of Baseline – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Working Group.
- This is Accessible? – Gez Lemon.
- Questions and Proposed Approaches for Baseline Specifics – Gregg Vanderheiden.
- WCAG 2.0 Baseline Concept – Gez Lemon.
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 – comments on the ‘Baseline Technology Assumption‘ – Tina Holmboe.
Benefits (Why accessibility?)
- 10 Reasons Clients Don’t Care About Accessibility – Christian Heilmann.
- 100,000 Reasons to Design for Accessibility – Bruce Lawson.
- Accessible Business Online – Alexandra Graham.
- Accessibility…Who Does It REALLY Help? – Darrel Austin.
- Accessibility and Search – Matt Bailey.
- Accessibility is Optimization – Matt Bailey.
- Auxiliary Benefits of Accessible Web Design – W3C.
- Benefits and Challenges of Web Accessibility – Pat Byrne.
- Benefits of an Accessible Website – part 1: Increase in Reach – Trenton Moss.
- Benefits of an Accessible Website – part 2: The Business Case – Trenton Moss.
- Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization – W3C.
- Don’t Disable Your Site for Handicapped Users – Matt Bailey.
- Don’t Use the Statistics Defense as a Reason to Exclude People From Your Content – Jim Byrne.
- High Accessibility Is Effective Search Engine Optimization – Andy Hagans.
- How Do You Get Your Client to Pay For Accessibility? – Gez Lemon.
- How To Sell Accessibility – Trenton Moss.
- New Research Study Shows 57 Percent of Adult Computer Users Can Benefit From Accessible Technology – Microsoft.
- Presenting the Case for Web Accessibility – W3C Draft.
- Selfish Reasons for Accessible Web Authoring – Kynn Bartlett.
- Selling Accessibility to Programmers – Joe Clark.
- The Financial Benefits of Web Accessibility – Mel Pedley.
- The Secret Benefit of Accessibility: Increased Usability – Trenton Moss.
- The Need for Accessibility – Dan Johnson.
- Universal Design and Web Accessibility: Unexpected Beneficiaries – Terry Thompson.
- Usability and Accessibility Market Worth £115m in 2005 – E-consultancy.com.
- Why Accessibility? – Robert Nyman.
- Why Accessibility is Important to You – John S. Britsios.
- Web Accessibility and Search Engine Optimisation – Carmen Mardiros.
- Why Accessibility? Motivating Learners To Bring About Change – WebAIM.
- Why bother? – Joe Clark.
- Why Design Accessible Web Sites? – Nicole Sullivan.
Captcha (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart).
- Accessibility of CAPTCHA – Gez Lemon.
- AOL Gets It Right, Sort Of. – Matt Bailey.
- CAPTCHA is Dead – Matt May.
- CAPTCHA: The FAQs – Glenda Watson Hyatt.
- CAPTCHA Usability: Humane Alternative to CAPTCHA – Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
- Captcha Usability Revisited: Google Inaccessible to Blind People – Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
- Circus of CAPTCHA’s – Matt Bailey.
- Codes on Sites ‘Captcha’ Anger of Web Users – David Kesmodel.
- Developing a Customized Business Case, Making Anti-Robot Tests: Accessible, Sharing Accessibility with Newbies – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- Escape From CAPTCHA – Matt May.
- Google’s Doors Still Shut to Blind – Susan Kuchinskas.
- Google Petition Concerning CAPTCHA – Matt Bailey.
- Google Releases Audio CAPTCHA – Matt Bailey.
- Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA – W3C.
- CAPTCHA Paper Updated – Matt May.
- Inaccessibility of Visually-Oriented Anti-Robot Tests Problems and Alternatives – Matt May.
- I’m visually impaired and I can’t see the word verification image. – Google.
- Is Google Shutting Out The Blind? – Susan Kuchinskas.
- Proposal for an Accessible Captcha Test – Peter Krantz.
- Visual Verification: Potential New Audio CAPTCHA Solution – Darrell Shandrow, Blind Access Journal.
- W3C Formally Dislikes the CAPTCHA – Matt Bailey.
- What’s Wrong With this Picture? – Ian Lloyd.
Checklists
- Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 1 of 3: Coding) – Jack Pickard.
- Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 2 of 3: Content) – Jack Pickard.
- Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 3 of 3: Function) – Jack Pickard.
- Accessibility Quick Tips – webdevtips.com.
- Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility.
- HTML Commandments – Dena Shumila.
- Section 508 Checklist – Jonathan Whiting.
- WAI Checklist of Checkpoints for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 .
- IBM Web Accessibility Checklist.
Cognitive Disabilities
- A Conceptual Framework for Accessibility Tools to Benefit Users with Cognitive Disabilities – Paul R. Bohman and Shane Anderson.
- A Dyslexic Perspective on e-Content Accessibility – Peter Rainger and EA Draffan.
- An Accessibility Frontier: Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties – Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley and Peter Firminger.
- Assistive Technology with Cognitive Disability Emphasis – Mark Dubin.
- Cognitive Disabilities and Online Education – Ben Buchanan.
- Cognitive Disabilities Part 1 – Paul R. Bohman.
- Cognitive Disabilities Part 2 – Cyndi Rowland.
- Cognitive load and the rule of seven (or how many is too many) – Nick Finck.
- Cognitive Disability – Alan Dix.
- Design for Accessibility: The Personal Information Point – J. Coy, S. Keates , P. J. Clarkson L. Harrison, P. Robinson.
- Designing for Dyslexics: Part 1 of 3 – Mel Pedley.
- Designing for Dyslexics: Part 2 of 3 – Mel Pedley.
- Designing for Dyslexics: Part 3 of 3 – Mel Pedley.
- Designing for Users With Cognitive Disabilities – Erica Kolatch.
- Designing Web Pages for Dyslexic Readers – John Bradford.
- Developing sites for users with Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties – Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley, and Peter Firminger.
- Dyslexia, Disability and Teaching Accessibility – Jack Pickard.
- Dyslexia List Launches with Major Research Programme into Accessibility Guidance – Ann Light.
- Easy Read and Other Advice About Writing for People with Learning Disabilities – Caroline Jarrett.
- Inclusion Of Cognitive Disabilities in the Web Accessibility Movement – Lisa Seeman.
- LD Web (Learning Disabilities Web) – ld-web.org.
- Lower-Literacy Users – Jakob Nielsen.
- More On Dyslexia – Mel Pedley.
- Start with the assumption that you cannot predict the access needs of your audience – Jim Byrne.
- Ten Guidelines for Improving Accessibility for People with Dyslexia – Vashti Zarach.
- The Effects of Lower-literacy on Mental Models to Support Website Navigation – Celeste Lyn Paul.
- Useful (Learning Disability) Guides to Accessibility – Mencap.
- Web Accessibility and Learning Difficulties – Tim Fidgeon.
- Web Design for Dyslexic Users – dyslexia.com.
Color: Accessibility
Definitions and Overviews
- Accessibility and Availability – Derek Featherstone.
- Accessibility for All vs. for People with Disabilities – Roger Johansson.
- Accessibility In Trouble 2: Standards – Mike Davies.
- Accessibility In Trouble 3: Universality – Mike Davies.
- Accessibility In Trouble 4: Dehumanisation – Mike Davies.
- Accessibility In Trouble 5: Deterioration- Mike Davies.
- Accessibility In Trouble 6: Misrepresentation – Mike Davies.
- Accessibility Only For Disabilities? – Tommy Olsson.
- Barrier-Free Web Design, a.k.a. Web Accessibility 2.0 – Roger Johansson and Tommy Olsson.
- Definitions of Web Accessibility – Mel Pedley.
- Et Tu, Joe? – Tommy Olsson.
- Future of Web Accessibility – Alastair Campbell.
- In Defense Of Accessibility – Jack Pickard.
- Lack of Access = Barrier to Access – Joe Dolson.
- Levels of Accessibility – Mike Cherim.
- On Accessibility – Catherine Roy.
- The Great Accessibility Camp-Out – Gez Lemon and Mike Cherim.
- Trying to Define Web Accessibility – Joe Dolson.
- Understanding Web Accessibility – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- Universality and Accessibility – Gez Lemon.
- What is Accessibility? – Robert Nyman.
- What Is Web Accessibility? – Trenton Moss.
- What is an accessible website? Attempting a definition. – Jim Byrne.
- What is an accessible website? – an answer in the form of a diagram. – Jim Byrne.
- What is media access? – Joe Clark.
Device Independence and Graceful Degradation
- Device independent definition. – W3C .
- Device Independence- W3C
- Device Independence Day – Matt Margolin.
- Device Independence Principles – W3C.
- Fluid Thinking – Peter-Paul Koch.
- Graceful Degradation – Daniel R. Tobias.
- Guideline 9. Design for device-independence – W3C.
Deprecated Features
- 11.2 Avoid deprecated features of W3C technologies - W3C.
- Beyond the FONT tag: Practical HTML text styling -Todd Fahrner.
- Index of Elements (See deprecated column).
- “The following HTML elements specify font information. Although they are not all deprecated, their use is discouraged in favor of style sheet” – 15.2.1 .
- The FONT tag is deprecated in current HTML standards, and should be avoided if at all possible. Use CSS for font sizes, and make sure they’re a relative size, not an absolute one. Then they’ll “adapt” whether the viewer is applying a custom stylesheet, or simply using the “increase font size” menu option.
- Guidelines for authoring – W3C . Including “FONT tag considered harmful!”
Flicker
- Flicker and Strobe – WebAIM.
- Animated images – Web Access Centre, Royal National Institute of the Blind.
- Avoid Specific Frequencies for Flickering Content – Skills for Access.
- Blinking Page Elements and Marquees – University of Minnesota Standard.
- Photosensitive Epilepsy – Gez Lemon.
- Screen Flicker – 508.
- Screen Refresh – University of Minnesota Standard.
- Web Content Accessibility Guideline 2.3 – W3C.
Forms
- 11 Forms – W3C.
- 508(n) – When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.
- Accessible and Usable Forms – Mike Foskett.
- Accessible Forms by Jim Thatcher.
- Accessible Forms – John Slatin.
- Accessible Forms- Roger Hudson.
- Accessible Forms – Patrick Griffiths.
- Accessible Forms: Radio Buttons with
- Accessible HTML/XHTML Forms – Ian Lloyd.
- Accessible Matrix Forms – WebAIM Thread.
- Accessibility and the Label Tag – Adrian Senior.
- Accessibility issues of checkboxes and radio buttons -”Yucca” Korpela.
- Better Accessible Forms – Ian Lloyd.
- Building Accessible Web Forms – Alejandro Gervasio.
- Communicating Error Messages Accessibly – Peter Krantz.
- Creating Accessible Forms – WebAIM.
- Default Place-Holding Characters
- 10.4 Until user agents handle empty controls correctly, include default, place-holding characters.
- Braille Displays and Web Forms – David Poehlman.
- Default Place-Holding Characters – Gez Lemon.
- Place-holding characters in edit/text boxes – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Re: WCAG 1.0 checkpoint 10.4 – David Poehlman.
- Use Javascript to add default text to input fields – Jim Byrne.
- Fieldset
- FORMS: Friends, Not Foes! – Meryl K. Evans.
- Form Help Without Popups – Gez Lemon.
- Forms: University of Minnesota Standards.
- Forms and Fields – Peter Rainger.
- Forms and interaction – Joe Clark.
- Forms By Dan Cederholm.
- Form Help Without Popups – Gez Lemon.
- Forms Refresher – James Craig.
- How to create accessible forms – Paul R. Bohman.
- How to use tables to structurize forms in HTML and about alternatives, like fieldset – Jukka “Yucca” Korpela.
- Labels
- 10.2 ensure that the label is properly positioned – W3C.
- 11.3 Labeling form controls – WAI Coding Technique.
- 12.4 Associate labels explicitly with their controls – W3C.
- Accessible Forms: Labeling Input Fields – University of Texas.
- Accessible Forms: Labeling Pulldown Menus – University of Texas.
- Associate form fields explicitly with their labels – Jim Byrne.
- Form Labels – Ron Thigpen.
- LABEL – Form Field Label.
- Label Positioning – Gez Lemon.
- The
- Quiz 5.2.13: Speaking Form Labels – Bob Easton.
- Speaking Form Labels – Summary – Bob Easton.
- Make forms accessible – WAI Coding Technique.
- Making Accessible Forms, Part 1 – Trenton Moss.
- Making Accessible Forms, Part 2 – Trenton Moss.
- Optgroup
- Accessible Forms: Grouping Related Items on a Form – University of Texas.
- OPTGROUP – Option Group – htmlhelp.
- The tag.
- Prettier Accessible Forms – Nick Rigby.
- Provide Access to Forms for Users who are Blind or Visually Impaired – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Reset and Cancel Buttons – Jakob Nielsen.
- Simply Accessible – Derek Featherstone.
- Showing Good Form: Beyond the Basics of Accessible Web Forms – Catherine M. Brys and Wim Vanderbauwhede.
- Accessible Web Forms: Beyond the Basics – Part 2 – Catherine M. Brys and Wim Vanderbauwhede.
- Standard Forms – Updated – Anthony Eggert.
- Tab Index
- 9.4 Create a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects.
- Initial Focus to a Text Field – Good or Bad? By Robert Nyman.
- Make forms easier to use by creating a logical tab order – Jim Byrne.
- Staying Positive About Tabindex – Joe Clark.
- Tabindex At Your Peril – Mel Pedley.
- Too Much Accessibility – Tabindex – Bim Egan.
- Usable and Accessible Form Validation and Error Recovery – Jared Smith.
- Writing Accessible Forms – The University of Durham.
Language
- 2.2 Identifying the primary language – W3C .
- 4.3 Identify the primary natural language of a document.
- Example for Checkpoint 4.3 - W3C.
- Defining Content Language – Karl Dawson.
- Indicating Language Choice: Flags, Text, Both, Neither? – Roger Johansson.
- Internationalization Primer – Jonathan Snook.
- Language codes – Joe Clark.
- Why use the language attribute?
Law, Lawsuits, Policies
- 504
- ADA Q & A: Section 504 & Postsecondary Education – Deborah Leuchovius.
- Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
- Section 504 and IDEA: Basic Similarities and Differences – S. James Rosenfeld.
- 508
- 1194.22 Web-based Intranet and Internet Information and Applications – The Access Board.
- 508 Standards.
- Advisory Committee Faces Major Hurdles with Section 508 Revision – Wade-Hahn Chan.
- Cornerstones of a Successful 508 Program – Fred DiFiore.
- Board Names Advisory Committee for 508 Standards Update – The Access Board.
- Board to Create Advisory Committee for Refresh of 508 Standards – The Access Board.
- Ruling doesn’t affect Section 508 Web requirements, board says – Dipka Bhambhani.
- Section 508? That’s for the government or something – Jeffery Zeldman.
- Section508.gov.
- Section 508 Checklist – Jonathan Whiting.
- Section 508 Technical Assistance page – access-board.gov.
- Standards for Electronic and Information Technology: An Overview.
- Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee.
- Using Section 508 to Improve Internet Access to Information for Everybody – Thomas Vander Wal.
- WAI to Advise on 508 Standards Update – W3C.
- Web Accessibility for Section 508 – Jim Thatcher.
- Accessibility and the law – Joe Clark.
- Accessibility and the Law By Andy Budd.
- Accessibility: it’s not just a good idea, it’s the law – Mark Pilgrim.
- Accountability of Accessibility and Usability – Anitra Pavka.
- Capella University/WebCT (La Marca v. Capella University)
- Capella University (La Marca vs. Capella University) – WebAIM Thread.
- Lawsuit Charges Online University Does Not Accommodate Learning-Disabled Students – Dan Carnevale.
- Web CT Criticisms – wikipedia.
- Crying Foul on Accessibility Claims – Ian Lloyd.
- Is Legally Mandated Accessibility a Benefit? – Joe Dolson.
- Is Your Site ADA -Compliant … or a Lawsuit-in-Waiting? – Cynthia D. Waddell and Kevin Lee Thomason.
- ICDRI Update On Global Accessible Web Policy And Law – Cynthia D. Waddell.
- Let the Buyer be Aware: The Importance of Procurement in Accessibility Policy – Cyndi Rowland.
- Letter to the MS Society on Accessibility – Bruce Lawson.
- Manifesto – Web Standards Project’s Accessibility Task Force.
- Martin v. MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority)
- National Federation of the Blind v. America Online (AOL)
- The National Federation of the Blind Sues AOL – Cynthia D. Waddell.
- Nearly 75 Percent of FTSE 100 Company Websites Fail to Meet Minimum Accessibility Requirements – Nomensa.
- Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 78
- A Critique of P.A.S. 78 – Joe Clark.
- Fisking PAS 78 – Joe Clark.
- How to commission an accessible website – out-law.
- New standards for website access – BBC.
- PAS 78 Download – Developed by The British Standards Institution.
- PAS 78: Guide to Good Practice in Commissioning Accessible Websites – Bruce Lawson.
- PAS 78 Launch – Mike Davies.
- Usability Exchange.
- Ramada.com and Priceline.com
- Spitzer Agreement To Make Web Sites Accessible To The Blind And Visually Impaired – Press Release from the Office of the New York Attorney General.
- Businesses Agree to Make Websites Accessible – Kassia Krozser.
- Should Web-only businesses be required to be disabled-accessible? – Anita Ramasastry.
- State and Federal E-Government in the United States, 2003 – Brown University.
- Southwest Airlines (Robert Gumson v. Southwest Airlines and Access Now v. Southwest Airlines)
- ADA doesn’t extend to the Internet – Eric Bangeman.
- No decision from the Appeals Court – Jim Thatcher.
- Do Disability Laws Apply to the Web? – Patrick Thibodeau.
- Judge: Disabilities Act doesn’t cover Web – Declan McCullagh.
- Man Sues Airlines for Fare Access – Kendra Mayfield.
- Ruling doesn’t affect Section 508 Web requirements, board says – Dipka Bhambhani.
- Suit Over Airlines’ Web Sites Tests Bounds of ADA – Matthew Haggman.
- Sydney Olympics (Bruce Maguire v. Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games [SOCOG])
- Target (National Federation of the Blind v. Target)
- Accessibility, Law and Target.com – Jim Thatcher.
- Blind Cal Student Sues Target – Henry K. Lee.
- Blind Customer Applauds Court Ruling on Target Web Site – John Croman.
- Blind Patrons’ Lawsuit Against Target Proceeds – Josh Richman.
- Blind Patrons Sue Target for Site Inaccessibility – Michelle Meyers.
- Court Denies Target.com Plea for Dismissal – Matt Bailey.
- Do the Rights of the Disabled Extend to the Blind on the Web? – Bob Tedeschi.
- Expert Declaration of Dr. James W. Thatcher in NFB V. Target – James W. Thatcher.
- National Federation of the Blind v. Target – Disability Rights Advocates.
- National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corporation – Wikipedia.
- NFB vs. Target in Perspective – Matt May.
- On Handicapped Access, Target Fights the Wrong Fight for the Wrong Reason – Evan Schuman.
- Should Ignorance Be Our Real Target? – Ben Buchanan.
- Taking Aim at Target(.com) – Derek Featherstone.
- Target Accessibility Case Will Go Forward! – Joe Dolson.
- Target Accessibility Lawsuit Falls on Deaf Ears – Kim Krause Berg.
- Target Hit – But is it a Bullseye? – Ian Lloyd.
- Target in the Sights of Accessibility Advocates – Karl Dawson.
- Target Sued Over Web Accessibility – Out-law News.
- Target Sued: Website Not Accessible to Blind – Overlawyered.
- Target.com’s Accessibility Lawsuit – Karl Dawson.
- Tarzhay – Joe Clark.
- The webdev community’s response to the Target Lawsuit – Bruce Lawson.
- Staying on Target – Derek Featherstone.
- Web Accessibility Evaluation of Target Website – Jon Gunderson.
- Websites For The Blind: Is This The Next ‘Year 2000 Compliant’ Requirement? – Linda Markus Daniels.
- Ticketmaster
- Precedent – Joe Clark.
- UK Resources for Web Accessibility and the Law – Martin Sloan.
- University of California UC Davis and UC Berkeley Settlement
- UC Settles Case on Hearing Disabilities – Amelia Heagerty.
- Web Accessibility and the Law: Recent Legal Developments and Advocacy Strategies – Lainey Feingold and Crista Earl.
- Web Accessibility and UK Law: Telling It Like It Is – Trenton Moss.
- Website Accessibility And The Private Sector: Disability Stakeholders Cannot Tolerate 2% Access! – Ronald E. Milliman.
- Web Accessibility Soon Mandatory in Europe? – Jo Best.
- When The Americans With Disabilities Act Goes Online: Application of the ADA to the Internet and the Worldwide Web – Position Paper National Council on Disability.
Lists
- List Tags - University of Minnesota Standard.
- Unordered Lists: More Than Just Bullets – Brian Huisman.
Mailto
- Mailto Links - University of Minnesota Standard.
Multimedia
- 1.3 “Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an auditory description of the important information of the visual track of a multimedia presentation.” – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
- 1.4 “For any time-based multimedia presentation (e.g., a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (e.g., captions or auditory descriptions of the visual track) with the presentation” – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
- 508 (b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation.
- Accessible Digital Media – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Accessible Streaming Content – Andrew Kirkpatrick.
- Accessible Multimedia – DoIT.
- Accessible Multimedia – John Slatin.
- Accessible Video In A Diverging Web Environment – David Klein and Kenneth “Fritz” Thompson.
- Adding Multimedia in Web Documents (part 2) – WaSP Asks the W3C.
- Allow User Control Over Animated Content – Skills For Access.
- Audio and Multimedia – Jim Thatcher.
- Audio Description
- Audio Description International (ADI).
- Provide Audio Descriptions for Video or Animated Content – General Advise – Skills For Access.
- What is audio description? – National Center on Accessible Information Technology in Education.
- Deconstructing Multimedia: Break It Up for Accessibility – Andrew Kirkpatrick.
- How to Incorporate Stunning Multimedia Into Your Accessible Site – Joe Clark.
- Captioning
- Best Practices in Online Captioning – Joe Clark.
- Captions – Jared Smith.
- Captions vs subtitles – Alastair Campbell.
- Captioning FAQ – Media Access Group.
- Captioning for Quicktime – Paul Bowman.
- Captioning for RealPlayer – Paul Bowman.
- Captioning for Windows Media – Paul Bowman.
- Captioning Web Multimedia: An Overview Of Technologies, Resources, And Tools – Jared Smith.
- Captioning with QuickTime SMIL – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Finally, Caption Playback – Google.
- Deaf Web Users Fear Being Left Behind – Andrew LaVallee.
- Two tracks o’ text – Joe Clark.
- Provide Text Equivalents for Audio – General Advice on Captions – Skills For Access.
- Understanding captions and subtitles – Joe Clark.
- Web accessibility for deaf people: Adding captions or providing transcripts isn’t always enough – Jim Byrne.
- Web Captioning and Education – Jared Smith.
- Web Captioning in Education WebCast – National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
- Web Captioning Overview – WebAIM.
- Macromedia Breeze – National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
- Multimedia by Joe Clark.
- Multimedia: Enhancing Ability – Leonie Watson.
- Multimedia – University of Minnesota Web Accessibility Standards.
- Multimedia: Web Checkpoint 4 – IBM.
- Media Access Generator (MAGpie) .
- Captioning with MAGpie 2 – Paul Bowman.
- Creating Captions for Rich Media – National Center for Accessible Media.
- Provide Text Equivalents For Audio In MAGpie – Skills for Access.
- The Open and Closed Project – Joe Clark.
- Podcasting and Accessibility – WebAIM list Thread.
- Provide Access to Multimedia Presentations for Users with Sensory Disabilities – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Provide Accessible Multimedia in Digital Talking Books (DTBs) – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Provide Accessible Multimedia in E-books – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Sign-Language Takes to the Web – Phil Muncaster.
- Standards Compliant method to add Quicktime movies to pages – Anne van Kesteren.
- Streaming (live or real-time)
- A Promising Practice in Streaming Captioned Educational Video – Access it.
- Accessibility of Live/Real-Time Web-Based Multimedia For the Deaf And Hard of Hearing – Jared Smith.
- Captioning live streaming video – WebAIM Discussion.
- Real-time captioning – Media Access Group.
- The Simpsons For The Visually Impaired – Kirk Biglione.
- Transcripts
- Audio Transcription For Podcasts: JC Human vs. CastingWords.com – Robin Good.
- Transcribing Podcasts – Jeremy Keith.
- Provide Text Equivalents for Audio – General Advice on Transcripts – Skills For Access.
- Using Accessible Video and Audio to Enhance e-Learning for Disabled Students – Ross Little.
- What is Media Access? – Joe Clark.
Open Source
- Advocates For Disabled Wary of Open Source – Linda Tucci.
- Breaking the Web Wide Open! – Marc Canter.
- DeJa Vu All Over Again – Carroll Tech Blog.
- Massachusetts Grapples with Open Source’s Cost to the Disabled – Lisa Vaas.
- Massachusetts, Open Document, and Accessibility – Peter Korn.
- Minnesota Standards Bill Could Affect Microsoft Word, Adobe – W. David Gardner.
- OATS (Open Source Assistive Technology Software).
- ODF Subpar for the Disabled? Not so Fast says Google Researcher – David Berlind.
- OpenOffice.org and Accessibility Part 1: Writer – WebAIM.
- Thoughts on the ‘Joint Statement on OpenSource and OpenDocuments in Massachusetts’ – Peter Korn.
- Visually Impaired User Weighs In on Assistive Technology Debate – Scott Sede.
- Why Won’t Microsoft Join Existing Standards Efforts? – Peter Korn
Plugins, PDF, PowerPoint, etc.
- 2.3 Content Versus Navigation – Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
- Accessible PDF Documents For the Blind – Peter Abrahams.
- Accessible P.D.F. Files.
- Accessible PowerPoint on The Web: Tools That Can Help – Richard Banks, Elizabeth Coombs, and Norman Coombs.
- Accessibility Features in Adobe Reader 7 – Jon Whiting.
- Accessibility with PDF files – Philip Kragnes messgage to Peter Riemenschneider.
- Anatomy of a PDF: Why Making Them Compliant Has Been Challenging – Mark Gavin.
- Adobe Acrobat 7.0: First Look from Planet PDF.
- Adding Tags to PDF improves accessible – Jim Byrne.
- Are PDF documents really accessible to all – Paul R. Bohman.
- Are They Really Accessible PDFs? – Julian Rickards.
- Authoring for Accessibility with Adobe PDF Documents – Sean Keegan.
- Creating Accessible PDFs Using Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Professional – Greg Pisocky.
- Defining Acrobat PDF Accessibility – Paul R. Bohman.
- Downloads – University of Minnesota Standard.
- Duff Johnson offers strategic review of PDF accessibility – Duff Johnson.
- Facts and Opinions About PDF Accessibility – Joe Clark.
- Guide to Editors of Accessible PDFs (1.1 MB Zipped PDF format) – Julian Rickards.
- Guidelines to Authors of Accessible PDFs (1.4 MB Zipped PDF format) – Julian Rickards.
- Here We Go Again With Untagged PDFs – Joe Clark.
- How Adobe Reader Can Help: Improvements in Acrobat Reader 7.0 – Greg Pisocky.
- How to Create Accessible Adobe PDF Files.
- Is PDF accessible?
- Making and Generating Accessible PDF – Bruce Lawson.
- NCDAE Tips and Tools: Adobe Acrobat and PDF – National Center on Disability and Access to Education.
- No PDF Press Releases, Please! – Amy Gahran.
- PDF and Accessibility – Shirley Kaiser.
- PDF and Accessibility By Roger Hudson.
- PDF and Public Documents: A White Paper – Janina Sajka and Joe Roeder.
- PDF and WCAG 2.0 – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- PDF Files are a Curse – Tim Seifert.
- PDF files can comply with Section 508. Now it’s your move. – Duff Johnson.
- PDF is Overused – Joe Clark.
- PDF format is still not fully accessible – Dey Alexander.
- PDF Needs You for PDF/UA! – Duff Johnson.
- PDF Post to the WebAIM list – Wayne Dick.
- PDF Standards From ISO – Leonard Rosenthol.
- PDF tagging for the blind – electricnews.net.
- PDF Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 and 2.0. W3C .
- PDF: Unfit for Human Consumption – Jakob Nielsen.
- PDF vs. HTML – WebAIM Forum.
- PDFs Don’t Have to Be an Internet Blight – Don Fluckinger.
- Playing Tag: Creating Accessible PDF Files – Jonathan Whiting.
- How do I make my online PowerPoint presentation accessible? – Access it.
- How to Create Accessible Acrobat PDF files – Paul Bohman.
- How to Create Accessible PowerPoint Slides on the Web – Paul R. Bohman.
- Making applets and plug-ins accessible – University of Massachusetts Boston.
- PR: PDFAloud – Accessibility Breakthrough for Adobe Acrobat, PDFs – Planet PDF.
- RNIB Media Briefing on Accessible PDFs – Mike Davies.
- Short notes on the accessibility of PDF documents – Jim Byrne.
- Strategies for PDF Accessibility – Comparing ‘Tagged PDF‘ approach to ‘Accessibility for the Masses’ – Duff Johnson.
- Tags or Scripts for Accessible Forms? – Duff Johnson.
- Tips and Tools: Adobe Acrobat and PDF – Jonathan Whitiing.
- The Conundrum of PDF Accessibility – Annemarie Cooke.
- The Four Levels of PDF Accessibility – Alastair Campbell.
- What does Section 508 mean for your PDFs? – Duff Johnson.
- What is Tagged PDF? – Duff Johnson.
- When to Use PDF – F. Rainne.
Relative sizing
- 3.4: Use relative rather than absolute units – W3C
- Accessible Layouts – Alastair Campbell.
- Relative Sizing and Images – John Foliot.
Scripts
- 508 Tutorial (l): Scripting.
- IBM Accessibility Center: Developer guidelines for Web Accessibility.
- Scripts: University of Minnesota Standard.
- Scripts and Applets by Peter Rainger.
- Scripts and Applets – Jim Thatcher.
- Testing Script Generated Pages – Cari Burstein.
Structure & Semantics
- 3.5 Use header elements to convey document structure - W3C
- 1.2.1 Section headings.
- Categories of Semantics – Joe Clark.
- Design for machines first, people second! – Jim Byrne.
- General Mark-up – Peter Rainge.
- Guideline 3. Use markup and style sheets and do so properly.
- Headings and Lists – Are You Using Them Correctly? – Alastair Campbell.
- SimpleQuizzes – Dan Cederholm.
- Semantic Markup – James Craig.
- Semantic Structure – Paul R. Bohman.
- Separation: The Web Designer’s Dilemma – Michael Cohen.
- Use Structural Markup – Andrew B. King.
- The Structure of Accessible Pages – Joe Clark.
- Use
for top-level heading – W3C .
- Use headings to structure your document – W3C .
- Using real headers – Mark Pilgrim.
- Using Structural Markup – The University of Durham.
Style Sheets (Accessibility)
- 6.1 Organize documents so they may be read without style sheets - W3C.
- Accessibility and Cascading Style Sheets – Kynn Bartlett.
- Accessibility and CSS2 – Amy Cowen.
- Accessibility Features of CSS.
- Cascading Style Sheets And Accessibility – Marco Bertoni.
- Creating Accessible CSS – WebAIM.
- CSS accessibility problems: is markup dead? – Jim Byrne.
- CSS and Accessibility – Richard Rutter.
- CSS does not guarantee accessibility – Mark Pilgrim.
- CSS Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0.
- CSS Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 – (Current Document)
- Example for Checkpoint 3.3 - W3C.
- Get more accessible with CSS – Shawn Morton.
- Misunderstanding Accessible Design – Joe Dolson.
- Teach Yourself CSS in 24 Hours – Kynn Bartlett. Chapter 21 “Accessibility and Internationalization” from Kynn’s book.
- Use Alternative Style Sheets To Give Users Control Of Critical Elements Such As Text Size Or Colour On Your Web Pages – Jim Byrne.
- Use markup and style sheets and do so properly - W3C.
- Using Cascading Stylesheets to Give Web Visitors More Choices – Crista Earl And Elizabeth Neal.
- Why CSS is Important for Accessibility – Alastair Campbell.
Tables
- 5.1 Tables of data – W3C.
- 5.1.2 Identifying rows and column information – W3C.
- 5.2 For data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers, use markup to associate data cells and header cells – W3C.
- 5.3 Linearizing tables – W3C.
- 5.4 If a table is used for layout, do not use any structural markup for the purpose of visual formatting – W3C.
- 5.5 Provide summaries for tables – W3C.
- 5.6 Provide abbreviations for header labels – W3C.
- 508(g) – Row and column headers shall be identified for data tables.
- 508(h) – Markup shall be used to associate data cells and header cells for data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers.
- Accessible Data Tables – Roger Hudson and Russ Weakley.
- Accessible Tables – Jim Thatcher.
- Accessible Tables: A Data Table with a element and a summary Attribute – University of Texas.
- Accessible Tables: A Data Table with a summary Attribute – University of Texas.
- Accessible Tables: Associating Data Cells and Header Cells in a Complex Table – University of Texas.
- Accessible Tables: Identifying Column and Row Headers – University of Texas.
- Accessible HTML Tables – Neerav Bhatt.
- Associating header information with data cells – W3C.
- axis- W3C.
- Building accessible tables – Tim Roberts.
- Building an Accessible Website: Tables – Amy Cowen.
- Bring on the Tables – Roger Johansson.
- COL – Table Column – Web Design Group.
- COLGROUP – Table Column Group – Web Design Group.
- Create tables that transform gracefully – Crystal Allen and Jeff Isom.
- Create tables that transform gracefully – W3C.
- Creating Structured Tables – Isofarro.
- Creating accessible Tables for both layout and data – Jim Byrne.
- Data Tables – Peter Rainger.
- Headers – W3C.
- How to Create Accessible Tables – Paul R. Bohman.
- HTML, CSS and Tables: The Beauty of Data – Chris Heilmann.
- id – W3C.
- Making Tables Accessible – starlingweb.com.
- Provide Access to Data in Tables for Blind Users – Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg.
- Scope – W3C.
- Semantic (X)HTML Markup: Using Tables Appropriately – Zoe Gillenwater.
- Tables and frames – Joe Clark.
- Table Captions – W3C.
- Tables in HTML Documents – W3C.
- Tablin: an HTML Table linearizer – W3C.
- Tables Refresher – James Craig.
- Techniques for Accessible HTML Tables – Stephen Ferg.
- tbody
- Accessibility Series: tbody – Sandra Clark.
- TBODY – Table Body – Web Design Group.
- TFOOT – Table Foot – Web Design Group.
- thead
- THEAD – W3C.
- THEAD – Table Head – Web Design Group.
- Turning the Tables – Matt Margolin
- Writing Accessible Data Tables – The University of Durham.
Testing, Checking, Validating
- A Principled Argument – Matt May.
- Accessibility and the Value of User Testing – Tina Holmboe.
- Accessibility…Can’t We All Just Get Along (Documentation of a Panel Discussion) – Panel: Derek Featherstone, Ian Lloyd and James Craig.
- Accessibility Checking… With Just A Browser! – Ian Lloyd.
- Accessibility Evaluation Practices – Survey Results – Dey Alexander.
- Accessibility Lifecycle – Alastair Campbell.
- Accessibility: Panning for Gold – Andy (Malarkey) Clarke.
- Accessibility: Standards Versus Testing – Jonathan Kahn.
- Accessibility Testing – John S. Britsios.
- Accessibility Testing and Reporting with TAW3 – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Accessibility Testing In Web Browsers – Brian Kelly.
- Accessibility Testing Methodology – Sandra Clark.
- Accessibility Testing Software Compared – Steve Faulkner.
- Assessing Usability for People with Disabilities through Remote Evaluation and Critical Incident Reporting – Mike Paciello.
- Accountability in Accessibility Testing – John Foliot.
- An Exploding Myth – James W. Thatcher.
- Are Accessibility Evaluation Tools Useless? – Roger Johansson.
- Automated Accessibility Testing – Mel Pedley.
- Automated Testing – How useful is it? – Grant Broome.
- Beware the Automated Accessibility Tool Trap – Trenton Moss.
- Certification and testing – Joe Clark.
- Don’t rely on automated tools for checking web accessibility – Jim Byrne.
- Enable User Customization – Skills For Access.
- Evaluating for Accessibility – Shawn Lawton Henry and Mary Grossnickle.
- Evaluating Web Site Accessibility: A Seven Step Process – Jared Smith and Paul Bohman.
- Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility -Web Accessibility Initiative.
- Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility with Firefox – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Evaluating Website Accessibility Part 1, Background and Preparation – Roger Johansson.
- Evaluating Website Accessibility Part 2, Basic Checkpoints – Roger Johansson.
- Evaluating Website Accessibility: Part 3, Digging Deeper – Roger Johansson.
- Four Different Ways To Test Web Accessibility – Joe Clark.
- Getting Started with Accessibility Assessments – Andrew Arch, Sofia Celic, Steve Faulkner, and Brian Hardy.
- Government Sites Fail Web Tests – BBC.
- How To Evaluate A Web Site’s Accessibility Level – David Sloan.
- How to Use Accessibility Guidelines, Standards and Testing – Joe Clark.
- How Useful are Accessibility Evaluation Tools? – Karl Dawson.
- Influence of valid code on screen readers – Joe Clark.
- Improving the Accessibility of Your Web Site – The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
- Involving Users in Web Accessibility Evaluation – The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
- New Research for Socitm Insight Shows Even the Best Websites Can Cause Problems For Disabled Users – egovmonitor.
- On Accessibility and Validity – Matt May.
- Positive Steps To Assessing, Monitoring and Comparing the Accessibility of Public Websites: Introducing The European Internet Accessibility Observatory By Jenny Craven and Mikael Snaprud.
- Shaw Trust User Testing – Dan Champion.
- Test the accessibility of your web page with your own web browser – Jim Byrne.
- Testing for Accessibility: Techniques, Headaches and The Future – Derek Featherstone.
- Testing Invalid Content with Accessibility Validators – Gez Lemon.
- Testing with Screen Readers: A Hypothetical Conversation – Paul R. Bohman.
- The Effectiveness of the Web Accessibility Audit as a Motivational and Educational Tool in Inclusive Web Design – David Sloan.
- The Importance of Human Evaluation – WebAIM.
- The Lifecycle of Web Accessibility – Antonio Volpon.
- The Problem With Automated Accessibility Testing Tools – Trenton Moss.
- The Ultimate Testing Checklist – Shirley Kaiser.
- The Usefulness of Accessibility Audits – Jack Pickard.
- Three Things I Learned About Screen Reader Users – Joshua Kaufman.
- Tools of Inspiration – Ann Light.
- Unified Web Evaluation Methodology (UWEM0.5)
- Usability Exchange.
- Use of Automated Tools For Testing Web Site Accessibility – Marieke Guy.
- Using Combined Expertise to Evaluate Web Accessibility – The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
- Using the Accessible Information Solutions (AIS) Web Accessibility Toolbar – Steven Faulkner.
- Using Opera to Check for Accessibility – Paul R. Bohman.
- Using WAVE 3.5 – WebAIM.
- Using the Web Accessibility Toolbar – Trenton Moss.
- Validating a Vendor: Evaluating Claims of Accessibility Expertise – Glenda Watson Hyatt.
- Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools Need People – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- Web Accessibility Testing – Jim Thatcher et al.
Text Only Versions
- 11.4 -” If, after best efforts, you cannot create an accessible page, provide a link to an alternative page that uses W3C technologies, is accessible, has equivalent information (or functionality), and is updated as often as the inaccessible (original) page. -W3C”.
- 508 (k) – “A text-only page, with equivalent information or functionality, shall be provided to make a web site comply with the provisions of these standards, when compliance cannot be accomplished in any other way. The content of the text-only page shall be updated whenever the primary page changes”.
- LIFT Text Transcoder – WebAIM Thread.
- Myth: Text-Only Versions – Shawn Lawton Henry.
- One Page to Rule Them All – Mark Plilgrim.
- Separate text-only version? No thanks! – Trenton Moss.
- Text-Only Pages are Possibly Not So Bad – Joe Clark.
- Text-Only Versions – Tommy Olsson.
- “Text Only” Versions Considered Harmful – Jon Hanna.
Tools: Accessibility
Usability and Accessibility
- Accessibility in the User-Centered Design Process – Shawn Lawton Henry and Mary Grossnickle Martinson.
- The Secret Benefit of Accessibility: Increased Usability – Trenton Moss.
- Usability and Accessibility in 2006 – Peter Abrahams.
- What is the Relationship Between Usability and Accessibility and What Should it Be? – Dey Alexander.
W3C Guidelines
Zoom Layouts
- A Hack for Implementing Zoom Layouts – Joe Clark.
- Big, Stark and Chunky – Joe Clark.
- Elastic Zoom Layouts – Faruk Ates.
- Inverted Zoom: Designing for Low Vsion – Roger Johansson.
- Zoom for Low Vision – Gez Lemon.
- Zoom Layouts (references) – Joe Clark.
- Zoom Layout Starter Kit – Alessandro Fulciniti.
- Zoom the Web: The problem of giant fonts – Joe Clark.
- ZoomLayouts by css-discuss Wiki.
- Zoom layout by Douglas Bowman.
- Zoom Layouts Update – Joe Clark.
- Zooming the Web – Jeremy Keith.
- Zoom Zoom, Layouts for Visual Impairment – Alastair Campbell and Leonie Watson.
Articles & Related Links
- 2004 Survey on Access Technology in Higher Education – Prepared By Terry Thompson.
- A Beginners Introduction to Standard Markup and Accessibility – Jim Byrne.
- A Journey Through Accessibility – Roberto Scano.
- A More Accessible Map – Seth Duffey.
- A Quick and Dirty Introduction to Accessibility – Russ Weakley.
- Accessible Site Design Guide – anybrowser.org.
- Accessibility at Educational Institutions – Matt Bailey.
- Accessibility Building Blocks – Ian Lloyd.
- Accessibility for Blind People – James Bowskill.
- Accessibility From The Ground Up: A Primer for the Web designer – Matt May.
- Accessibility Information – The Royal National Institute of the Blind.
- Accessibility: It’s Just About Customers – Mike Butcher.
- Accessibility Tips for Website Construction – Patrick Kennedy.
- Assuring E-Accessibility: Providing Choices – Pam Berman and Charles Chen.
- Be Accessible, Don’t Meet Guidelines – Jack Pickard.
- Best Practices for User Centered Web Design – Jon Gunderson, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
- Beyond Guidelines – Advanced Accessibility Techniques – Trenton Moss.
- Breaking Barriers – Mike Cherim.
- Building Accessible Web Sites – Joe Clark.
- Building Accessibility Consortiums: WebCT Case Study – Hadi Bargi Rangin, Robert Dumas, and Philip Kragnes.
- Can You Get the Music? A Review of Music Download Sites – Janet Ingber.
- Computer Science Majors Get Tools To Build Accessibility Into Software – K. C. Jones.
- Constructing a POUR Website, Part 1 – Paul R. Bohman.
- Contextual Web Accessibility – Maximizing the Benefit of Accessibility Guidelines – David Sloan et al.
- Creating Accessible Bar Charts – Peter Krantz.
- Cultivating and Maintaining Web Accessibility Expertise and Institutional Support in Higher Education – Paul R. Bohman.
- Curriculum for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 – Chuck Letourneau and Geoff Freed.
- Deaf Sites Do Web Standards: Or rather, like type and design sites, they do not – Joe Clark.
- Deciding on Accessibility Strategies – Kevin Leitch.
- eAccessibility of Public Sector Services in the European Union – Royal National Institute of the Blind (RNIB), AbilityNet, Dublin City University and Socitm Insight.
- E-Learning
- Access E-Learning (AEL) – Georgia Tech.
- The Barrierfree Learning Environment – Barrier Free.
- Holistic Approaches to E-learning Accessibility – Lawrie Phipps and Brian Kelly.
- Implementing a Holistic Approach to E-learning Accessibility – Brian Kelly and Cora Howell.
- David Berlind on Web Accessibility – Joseph Dolson.
- Disabled Football Fans on Losing Side, Whatever England’s Fate – AbilityNet.
- Disabled Technologies Pave the Way for Next Generation Mobile Web – EurekAlert.
- Designing the Web for People with Disabilities – Mike Paciello.
- DTI : ‘Our blind guy can use it so it’s fine’ – Bruce Lawson.
- Essential Components of Web Accessibility – The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
- Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility with the Firefox Web Developer Toolbar – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Further Mesh Nonsense – Joe Clark.
- Geek in the Park: Pragmatic Accessibility – Bruce Lawson.
- Google Image Labeler – Google.
- Are You Google’s Gopher? – Alan Connor.
- Has Accessibility Been Taken Too Far? – Jeff Croft.
- Accessibility Has NOT Been Taken Too Far – Joe Dolson.
- Accessibility Follow-Up – Jeff Croft.
- Accessibility vs. Visual Design – Why Can’t We All Just Get Along? – Jared Smith.
- Welcome to Accessibility Club – James Bennett.
- HTML Web Accessibility Best Practices – Jon Gunderson.
- IBM Systems Journal, (accessibility issue) – International Business Machines.
- ‘IBM Systems Journal’ Accessibility Articles – Joe Clark.
- Introduction to Web Accessibility By Paul R. Bohman.
- Introduction to Web Accessibility – W3C.
- Innovative Design Inspired by Accessibility – Wendy Chisholm.
- Is Blogging Accessible to People with Vision Loss? – The American Foundation for the Blind.
- How to Make Your Blog Accessible to Blind Readers – The American Foundation for the Blind.
- Jodi Awards Celebrate Accessible Museum and Library Web Sites – Chris Hofstater.
- Just How Accessible is the Web? BBC 1′s Click, Investigates – Henry Swan.
- Learning to Let Go – Chris Heilmann.
- Leave No Man Behind – Cameron Adams.
- Let Them Eat Cake: Accessibility and Usability, Brought Together Through the DOM and CSS – Aaron Gustafson.
- Levels of Accessibility Knowledge – Joe Clark.
- Made for All of Us – Dave Shea.
- Math Description Engine – National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
- More Americans Than Ever Face the Threat of Blindness from Aging Eye Diseases – The Eye Digest.
- More From Our Dear British Friends – Joe Clark.
- More Than a Set of Rules: Consider Human and Social Factors Alongside Technical Guidelines – Glenda Watson Hyatt.
- New Research Study Shows 57 Percent of Adult Computer Users Can Benefit From Accessible Technology – Microsoft.
- New Study Links Higher Income with Lower Disability Rates – Sarah Yang.
- No, Your Website ISN’T AAA Accessible! – Dan Zambonini.
- Non-Visual Access to the Digital Library (NoVA): The Use of the Digital Library Interfaces by Blind and Visually Impaired People – Jenny Craven and Peter Brophy.
- One of Four Web Users are Disabled Users – Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
- ONOFF: Another Failed Redesign – Roger Johansson and Robert Nyman.
- Paul Boag Podcast on Accessibility Guidelines – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Public Institutions’ Web Accessibility Evaluation, Plans for Improvement, and Annual Reporting – The Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE).
- Public Money on Inaccessible Web Sites – Derek Featherstone.
- Pushing the Limits of Accessibility – Andrew Kirkpatrick.
- Removing Road Blocks to Accessibility – Peter Abrahams.
- Seven Accessibility Mistakes (Part 1) – Christian Heilmann.
- Seven Accessibility Mistakes (Part 2) – Christian Heilmann.
- Tate Online Wins Accessibility Award – Anna Lagerkvist.
- The Accessibility Chronicles – Mike Davidson.
- The Bullhorns and Short-Term Thinking – Mike Davies.
- The Future of Web Accessibility – Trenton Moss.
- The Imagination Gap: Making Web-based Instructional Resources Accessible to Students and Colleagues with Disabilities – John Slatin.
- The Moving Target of Accessibility – Matt Bailey.
- The Practicalities of Accessible, Commercial Web Design – Leonie Watson.
- The State of Accessibility in the Real World – Richard Rutter.
- Text Email Newsletter (TEN) – E-Access Bulletin.
- Title Attributes
- Adding titles to links – Mark Pilgrim.
- Assistive Technology Users Test TITLE Attribute Access – Steven Faulkner.
- Don’t Neglect the title Attribute – Jon Christopher.
- Screen Reader Software Support for the TITLE Attribute – Steven Faulkner.
- The Alt and Title Attributes – Roger Johansson.
- The Trouble With the Title Attribute – Steve Faulkner.
- The title attribute.
- TITLE Attribute What Is It Good For? – Steven Faulkner.
- Title Attribute — Your Take – D. Keith Robinson.
- Using the title Attribute – Gez Lemon.
- Title Elements
- Document titles and title separators – Roger Johansson.
- Microcontent: How to Write Headlines, Page Titles, and Subject Lines – Jacob Nielsen.
- Page titles on news article pages – Adrian Holovaty.
- The Sound of the Accessible Title Tag Separator – Peter Krantz.
This Week in WCAG – Joe Clark.
- Toronto Interacts Presentation – Joe Clark.
- Toward User-Centered, Scenario-Based Planning and Evaluation Tools – Paul Bohman and Shane Anderson.
- Too Much Accessibility – Bim Egan.
- Triple A – Dave Shea.
- Understanding Web Accessibility – Joe Clark.
- UUP Uncovers Deficiencies In Accessibility For Disabled Workers, Students – United University Professions.
- WAI – W3C‘s section to check out for Web Content Accessibility.
- Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) – Robert Nyman.
- WAI Web Site Redesign Development – Shawn Henry.
- Walgreens Recruits Employees With Disabilities Through Highly Accessible Website – Michael McCarty.
- WaSP Forms Accessibility Task Force – Andy Clarke.
- ATF: Not ‘Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms’ – Joe Clark.
- Suggestions for the WaSP Accessibility and Education Task Forces – Andrea Schwandt-Arbogast.
- WCAG and the Myth of Accessibility – Kevin Leitch.
- Web Accessibility: A Broader View – John T. Richards and Vicki L. Hanson.
- Web Accessibility and Individuals with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education: The Legal Issues – University of Washington.
- Web Accessibility Learning Modules – Califorina State University, Frenso.
- Web Accessibility Standard – University of Minnesota.
- Web Accessibility – What not to do – Jim Thatcher.
- Web Inaccessibility ‘Creates Net Underclass’ – Lucy Sherriff.
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 – W3C.
- Abandon All Hope – Joe Clark.
- Call for Response from the Web Standards Project – Joe Clark.
- Can WCAG 2.0 be Simpler? – Vladimir Popov.
- Formal Objection to WCAG Claiming to Address Cognitive Limitations – Gez Lemon.
- Gian Sampson Wild, Ten Questions for – Russ Weakley.
- HTML Techniques for WCAG 2.0 – W3C.
- Last Call Working Draft of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 – Patrick H. Lauke.
- Overview of the General Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 – John M. Slatin.
- Shawn Henry Podcast/Interview on WCAG 2 – Giles Colborne.
- Side by Side, 508 to WCAG 2.0 – Jim Thatcher.
- Stuff WCAG, Let’s do It Ourselves! – Jack Pickard.
- To Hell with WCAG 2 – Joe Clark.
- WCAG 2.0 – Lachlan Hunt.
- This Just In: I Run a ‘Movement’ – Joe Clark.
- WCAG 2.0 Revisited – Lachlan Hunt.
- Even Academics Can’t Understand It – Joe Clark.
- Whither WAI and WCAG? – Joe Clark.
- Formal Objection to WCAG 2.0 – Lisa Seeman et al.
- What’s Next for Web Accessibility? – Faruk Ates.
- Tangling with Accessible Web Content – Karl Sabino.
- Techniques for WCAG 2.0 – W3C.
- Understanding WCAG 2.0 – W3C.
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0: Transitioning Your Web Site – Wendy Chisholm and Judy Brewer.
- WCAG 2 – A Backward Step for Accessibility? – David Moore.
- WCAG 2.0 Comments – W3C.
- WCAG 2 frequently asked questions (FAQ) – W3C.
- WCAG 2.0 Last Call – Extended Deadline 22 June 2006 – Judy Brewer.
- WCAG 2 – Moving Forward – Charles McCathieNevile.
- WCAG 2.0: New Challenges, New Technologies, New Concepts – Wendy Chisholm and Ben Caldwell.
- WCAG 2.0: The Difference Between a Level and a Priority – Gez Lemon.
- WCAG 2.0: The New W3C Web Accessibility Guidelines Evaluated – Trenton Moss.
- WCAG 2.0 – What a Whopper! – Jack Pickard.
- WCAG 2.0: When I Want a Beer, Don’t Give Me Shandy – Bruce Lawson.
- WCAG 2.0 Quick Reference – W3C.
- Working with Others: Accessibility and User Research – Maurizio Boscarol.
- What’s Happening in WCAG 2? – Jack Pickard.
- Whistle Stop WCAG 2 : To Hell … and Back – Jack Pickard.